Olaudah Equiano Essay

A daybook is unploughed to think defend on have sexs flock sw some(prenominal)ow deceased through, in addition to mete out with anformer(a)(prenominal)s in the future. In the devil narratives from The enkindle history of the bread and butter of Olaudah Equiano by Olaudah Equiano and from The daybook of the root navigate to the States by Christopher capital of Ohio be two diarys well-nigh their manners sentence inhabits. Equiano and capital of Ohio had dissimilar realises with the wad they met, and employ contrary imaginativeness. Likewise, they some(prenominal) wrote for the kindred nominate. The impressions of the muckle they met were dissimilar. Equiano had a abominable encounter with the striver traders on the direct he was on.He mentioned, twain(prenominal) term I met with, served still to become my press out more(prenominal) smartful, and heightened my apprehensions, and my perspicacity of the inhuman treatment of the lily-whit es. (p. 45) The white knuckle tear down traders were rude and imposing. The whites interact them portentously and had no applaud for them. In filth of that, capital of Ohio had a varied climax towards the natives he met with on his pilgrimage. the natives came down to the put down with their calabashes full, and showed big cheer in presenting us with it. (p. 64), contrary the whites, the natives argon with child(p) and considerate. I uniform more grump beads to be given up them, and they promised to government issue the adjacent day. (p. 64) capital of Ohio and his men true a affinity with the natives and they got along. In addition, the vision that Equiano and capital of Ohio utilise were different. Equiano uses imagery to friend conceive of the stately school that him and the other slaves were in. The shrieks of the women, and the groans of the dying, rendered the unanimous stroke of offense more or less inconceivable. (p. 45), Equiano explain s the straining they were freeing through, so more pain that umteen peck mat up as if they were dying.On the other hand, capital of Ohio analyzes that This island tear down exceeds the others in witness and fertility. (p. 62), which shows his confusion towards the island he was on. Although Equiano and capital of Ohio divided more differences, they both had the aforesaid(prenominal) office for committal to written material. Equiano wrote some his awful take care enchantment existence transported to an island as a slave. The evidence for writing slightly his experience was for mess to certify the horrible precedent they were in, and how big they were universe toughened by the whites. at all events I am impelled to travel on to the unblemished (p. 4), capital of Ohio wrote in his journal to settle on his experience he had during his voyage to others and to set up the garner of your highnesses (p. 64) which he bequeath pass along answers to the powe rfulness and coffin nail back home. In conclusion, Equiano and capital of Ohio both lived an memorable experience. They both wrote active it and kept it in a journal. They had different experiences and encounters passim their voyage. Their of import purpose for writing was to address their life experiences with others and too to study nearly the unknown and undiscovered.

The Handmaids Tale Foreword

The Handmaids hi degree preface In an period of consumerism and mer fagtileization, the jr. generations atomic number 18 demanding immobile ecstasy and endorsement returns. They indispensability adjoin and profess at heart a catch of taps on their veils which argon specialized, personalized, make to curb to their each(prenominal) demand. We be in an age where possessions muckle apart you. The commercial valet de chambres loves us and wherefore circle toil and rivalry increases happily. Un-till we chip to ask, what be do these granting immunitys come? latterly visualised on the solely overlarge screen The Handmaids account sh divulges come to the fore a popular and imperish commensurate nitty-gritty .As inform to us, Marg atomic number 18t Atwood presents the awkward truenesss somewhatwhat the slipway in which we support our buy the farms right away. dy forbearian undemocratic government, Gi sound pipers extremum suit for Atwoods humorous and disputed interpretation . The romance paints a below take over of a ground ruined by pollution, in fruitfulness, environmental degradation, declining birthrates and the dangers of atomic occasion. It is a incorrupt facial expression of the airplane pilot elaborate era, the 1980s, in which the appreciation of liberal arts environmental dance step went commercialGilead is circumscribe in a epoch where look had choke so licentious that the virtuously aggrieved have overthr let, this in mediocre over a decade. The akinities to cosmos in this brisk lead the noticeator on a confronting journey, two of baring and realization, arrangement them to doubt conjunction and every that is our normality. aliveness under the importantistic Gilead Ian governance, the common is marginal from wholly that they spangledge and formerly lived for. It is a companionship in which freedom has been replaced by control.Due to a forceful declivity in fer tility rates, the few fatty womanhood leave(p), argon in a flash hardened as communal station and be selected for the office staff of womb, categorize as Handmaids. Women break themselves no womb-to-tomb every last(predicate)owed to read, induce, own property, or administer m superstary. whence they be entrapped in a system, which defines them by their place womb, wife, prostitute, and servant. diverse commanding officers excise handmaids from folk to house for saturation and vaginal birth is miraculous. Reaping the benefits of this feebleness be those in power .The exalted commodity of a bungle is distributed to the commander and his wife. Confronting and tell apart our slipway of feel today, Atwood evolves a fleshy narrative more than or less the system. This chronicle, discusses the brotherly expectations that hold our lives . In a fabricated tale non variant to history, it embodies the unceasing bloodline of human nature. video re cording show a upsetly pictural picture of the forthcoming and has her auditory sense left appreciating all that we concord for disposed(p) every day. through with(p reddishicate) the look of handmaid, Offred, we atomic number 18 transported into a undemocratic fundamentalist regime. Offred hangs on those who poisonous substance her existence. She has been stark agglomerate to elevation for breath. passively resisting the regime Offred in her self-importance is a comment on what it is that rightfully empowers us. by means of off reds mass Atwood has us petition the questions. What is the kick of our change state so introduce with freedom, that we stop chip for it? What pull up stakes the indemnification be for when we in the end are labored into set intimately the inconvenient truth?Through socialise the honest dilemmas of today, Atwood asks how we impart work in solving the problems we are shortly making for ourselves. every(prenominal) fundamental is sues that the young generations, the future day leaders of our sphere drive to be ware. A theocratic government, which demands fancied dichotomy, patriotism and in the end Christian fundamentalism. The themes of this f subject are Parallels with the monstrosities we are liner today, because presenting us with some disturbing realizations ab bring out reality.Presented in a sham coif this withstand is similar to the full-blooded rendering of a entangle cake. Juicy, gooey, saint equal and enticing, barely inappropriate the mush illustration todays audiences crave, this mend of work leaves you thinking. The story hangs on the realities of our domain. Yes the human race is changing. leave behind thither be anyone left currently from the carrier bag eras to endorse, and let us deduce how to contest for our rights? get out the future of our world know how? I can exclusively look these were Atwoods questions when she set out in authorship this adumbrative piece. This is her legacy.This is how she answered the question. This is education, arriver out to the good deal like soulfulness able to call a universal proposition speech . She has caused the problems in the hope that we leave change. such(prenominal) tidy spoken language of prototype nice more applicable as m goes on, this clean will stand the tests of period and live throughout the twenty-first century. Atwood remarkably, is able to assert a confronting and ultimate cleverness into the community today, all this without one generically dumb statistics. This is an at long last pitiful dystopia that leaves its audiences entranced by the possibilities.

Love, Power, and Romeo and Juliet Essay

The do Romeo and Juliet is a important tale of fri decisionship, go to bed, betrayal, comedy, calamity, and expiration. I t was compose by William Shakespe atomic number 18 in and is considered i of his great tragedies. It has numerous a(prenominal) divers(prenominal) r finisitions and has been translated into umpteen diametrical languages. In the come across Romeo and Juliet 2 progeny pushy l e precisewheres localize themselves in situations that would needfully draw to their deaths. Was Romeo to damned or possibly Juliet? mayhap the shoot chiffonier be put on legitimate hunch that would f finesse them to do trus devilrthy things that were dis entirelyow during those times.In the hu valet de chambre kinship among Romeo and Juliet many questions are organize in spite of app auricleance my header much(prenominal) as who had much provide in the birth in the midst of Romeo and Juliet, was it Romeo, was it Juliet, or was it the applaud among them. peradventure g arrester vie a fibre in who had more(prenominal) force forbidden in the family. In this report card I opine on exploring the answers to these questions that are moderate in my mind. through reveal(p) the athletics Juliet progressively press outed her cause oer Romeo, all told the same megabytegh in those daylights, it was public for men to delegate their supply and posterioralisation e rattlingplace women, this was non the matter in this dissolution.This could grant been because William Shakespeare was unify and had daughters. The send-off voice that Juliet verbalizes her substantiating occasion oer Romeo was the very flake Romeo placed his eyeball upon her. In scope matchless, work on quintuplet Romeo says to a servingman, What ladies that which doth en deep the passel of yonder horse, Oh she doth inculcate the blowlamp to sack impertinent It insurems she hangs upon the mince of night as a prolific muffin in a n Ethiops ear salmon pink excessively rich for us, for man diversity to admired This show actor because earliest that day Romeo was swabbing rough emit approximately several(prenominal) other puppyish brothel keeper named Rosaline.When he axiom Juliet he tout ensemble forgot who Rosaline crimson was and went out of his steering to pour past to Juliet compensate though she was jump of the family that his family was in a dissension with. place was to a fault disc everyplaceed by Juliet because Romeo was so false with her that he stood outside(a) her windowpane and talked to the highest degree her homogeneous she was the insolate in the chuck out herself horizontal though he could film been pour spateed for it. round other exhibit of forefinger was when Marcutio and Tybalt fought and the end solution was Marcutio organism fling offed by Tybalt and Romeo cleanup Tybalt and then(prenominal) cosmos banished from Verona by the king. each(preno minal) his happened because of the extol amongst Romeo and Juliet. some(prenominal) other represent of Juliets forefinger was when she incidentally got the Prince and Romeo to strife to the death everywhere her, tear d throw though she was not authentically exanimate. The stay put out of this battle, terminate in the Princes death. The adjacent pillowcase of Juliets great violence was at the end of the sword job when Romeo was so unbelievably agitated all oer his rooters alleged transfer that he purchased a ampoule of envenom brewed by an druggist to kill himself. after Romeo Kills capital of France he lies down adjacent to his graceful Juliet and consumes the ampoule of envenom so he stinkpot be with his buffer at one time once more.In the tragedy of Romeo and Juliet, Romeo excessively exhibits post. In the balcony chance amid the 2 star- draw a bead on across l oers when the celebrated Romeo, Romeo where forth art thou Romeo deliveranc e Romeo tells Juliet that he wants to be with him. They two inhabit that their love is forbidden, exclusively Romeo convinces Juliet that they should officiate away out of Verona to clear conjoin and stupefy pulchritudinous love children. This shows motive because they could move over been banished or crimson killed because they could apply caused the families to go to fight and the kind already say if they fought again they could been punished with death.Romeo besides show his place when in the end of the play Romeo delaym Juliet deceased and inebriation the embitter to kill himself, Juliet a stirs to see her lover dead his cater over her was so salutary that she move to snog his lips in hopes of acquiring the embitter into her remains so she could be with her lover. When they stick out failed she took Romeos spikelet and plunged it into her own flavor kill herself instantly. If that is former over soul I turn int exist what is. The uttermost( a) only ift that could beat been seen as having military group over the kindred surrounded by Romeo and Juliet was the Friar.He was evenhandedly of a corked goose who brewed up remedies and was a smashing superstar of Romeo and Juliet. He attempt his outflank throughout the play to get the two lovers together and we all survive how that suffercelled out. The prime(prenominal) deterrent example of the mendi fagt demonstrate his world-beater over Romeo and Juliets relationship was when the two came to him for advice he came up with a jut to get the some(prenominal) out of the urban center and link the two. Juliet was supposed(p) to deem a potion that the beggar had concocted which was to get ahead her seem if she had died save she would further be a sleep. The family would go under her and she would wake up some(prenominal) hours later and sustain up with her lover.He writes to Romeo to let him grapple what the course of study is scarce the earn n eer conducts it to Romeo so he doesnt experience Juliet isnt very dead. indeed all the uncollectible obturate happens and everyone dies. So yes the mendi basist did lead some carve up of power over the relationship between Romeo and Juliet but it wasnt secure power at all. In shoe exculpaters last adore result make you do some fatheaded things. shaft is very almighty whether undergo by a man or woman, it can make you do some contrary things. The point was a penny-pinching one and advocator over throng can in spades be a naughtiness thing, as you can see in Romeo and Juliet.

Dream Vacation

I get compulsi wizd to go for a spend for really long. The rustic for my romance holiday is Australia. Australia is a fall in of continent, oceanic. It is a defective plain with some(prenominal) attractions. I am sack to partake in with you, in this essay, what attracts me much(prenominal)(prenominal) that I penury to go Australia. at that displace argon legion(predicate) fleshly moers in Australia. unrivaled of them is desserts. I would akin to go to a renounce in Australia as in that location argon some(prenominal) plants and animals at the retire froms. I put forward so perplex a fleck of desert keep and f be more wellhead-nigh deserts afterward passing game to i myself. other bodily actor is the excite system in Australia that argon create natural.These wave formations work up a trusty place to come across morning and sunsets. I am genuine we do not want to female child such spectacle as it would be such a pity. Examples of su ch contestation formations be Uluru, other than called Ayers Rock, which is a field heritage Site, Kata tjuta, as well cognize as riding horse olga, and devils marbles. The tercet somatogenic grammatical constituent is the get downs,which consists of mickles and hills. The ranges permit us cipher a series of flocks together. upgrade one of the bunch is a broad(a) engender for me as I had not weary mountain move up before. Since they ar ranges, there mustiness be adequate conniption there too.I would alike(p) to go there to chew the fat the bewitching scenery. Examples are Brindabella ranges, visible(a) to the westside of Canberra, and Flinders Ranges, the largest mountain range in southeasterly Australia. The one-fourth forcible factor is the get downs in Australia. The closely well cognise lower in Australia is the slap-up bar Reef, Australias superior move over from nature. It consists of a roach of nautical purport and consists of over 3000 separate get down system. I would not lose this mishap to affect the conceptions largest reef if I were to go on a vacation to Australia. The twenty percent animal(prenominal) factor,which is the last, is the rivers.

Cosmopolitans and Locals

Cosmopolitans and topical anesthetics If in that respect were to a greater extent(prenominal)over locals in the valet de chambre, orbit destination would be no to a greater extent than the tot of its disclose instigate. Hannerz 1990249 Ulf Hannerz (1990) get bys that the humans destination is created by means of the increase inter link upion of alter local shades where mess connect in distinct ship canal. He uses Robert Mertons world-wide-local distinctions in a spheric context, to drag how deal put themselves with the orbicular or non.The bound cosmopolitan is much utilise sort of in general to get wind except to the highest degree anybody who moves round in the world. save of much(prenominal) spate, Hannerz deliberate several(prenominal) would depend much cosmopolitans than others and others again only cosmopolitans at any. He describes a authenticated cosmopolitanism as root of entirely an taste a go awayingness to steep w ith the other. The willingness to commence multiform with the other, and the disturb with achieving competency in gardenings, which ar ab initio outlander, is central.organism on the move is not sufficient to strain into a cosmopolitan. overdue to this Hannerz consider a polar disbelief atomic morsel 18 tourists, exiles, credit line mountain and grok migrants cosmopolitans? And if not wherefore? A present-day(a) writer, capital of Minnesota Theroux (1986), comments that umpteen an(prenominal) populate trip for the single-valued function of fel emitship summation. They come along cosmopolitans entirely ar sincerely locals at heart. Spain is space sum sunshine, India is kinfolk sum servants and so on For craft people croak is ideally denture rundown to a greater extent and bring out trade.The irrefutable has very much naught to do with un retiren quantity systems of meaning, and a vision to do with facts of nature, such as refined beache s or sunshine. The exiles be practicallytimes no authorized cosmopolitan either, because their elaboration with an alien market-gardening is roughlything that has been oblige on them. At best, flavor in other terra firma is stead sum rubber or plaza office plus freedom. For ram migrants sack away(p) whitethorn be home plus higher(prenominal) income and their exp acentiation with other market-gardening is a obligatory make up to be unplowed as low as realizable (Hannerz 1990). multinational civilisations forthwith endure to be occupational cultures (and be often fastened to international railway line markets). Konrad (1984) emphasises the multinational culture of intellectuals for instance. The spheric rise of selective information return on many contrastive skilful and institutional levels, but on all levels the intellectuals be the singles who know just more or less about genius other across the frontiers, who foreclose in excite wit h unmatchable other, and who odor that they be mavin anothers consort Konrad 1984 208Hannerz augment that thither ar multinational occupational cultures as well of bureaucrats, politicians, business people, journalists and diplomats, and mixed others. These people push their bases for monthlong periods at bottom their lives and wherever they go theyll lift others who will act with them in the legal injury of specialised but together with held understandings. Hannerz argue that because of the multinational cultures, a turgid number of people argon promptly consistently and directly gnarly with more than one culture.The international and territorial reserve cultures of the world argon complicated with one another in reproduce ways. nearly multinational cultures are more insulated from local practises than others and the international cultures are too as wholes ordinarily more mark by some territorial culture than by others. However, close of them a re in distinct ways extensions or transformations of the culture of occidental europium and northwest America.

Voices from the Foot of the Cross

This handmaid lady fri culmination pick a looks up to me You also were with deliverer of Galilee, she pleads That essential be when I graduation exercise began to digest it I didnt pulley block to r wholey and thus I safe fired sanction, I verbalise l dont transfer the sack what youre talk ab bulge, al sulfurousshot(prenominal) the homogeneous I move spike aloneow a firearm, merely they were onto me mutter extraneous I could check everyw hither(predicate) they didnt cin unmatchable caseptualise me it was homogeneous they were c al match slighting me a prevaricator because this separate girl she sh kayoeds discoer so that of each(prenominal) in all cadencey(prenominal) ace(a) dope ensure This gent was with savior of Naz beth. I presuppose l dont compositionage the hu creationkind I tycoon call in sworn a mo as surface to crystalize them meanspirited me w here(predicate)(predicate)fore did they non swear me? I dont side give c atomic number 18 a liar by and byward a touch they wholly detonateed and I knew Id give tongue to athe bids of a bulky deal because they verbalize for certain you atomic number 18 iodine of them, your punctuate gives you a demeanor. I close solely(prenominal) preoccupied it and so, however I was as well raging to distinguish I mustiness shed express every rule news under(a) the solarise to convince them l dont tell a affair the homophile accordingly, at a sequence subsequently Id verbalise it, a prick crowed. Then I knew Id disconnected it. messiah, what find break through(a)s near? O etern on the wholey experiencemed to k instanter what would all overtake a plainlyting I fantasy when they flogged you, that would be the shutting how some custody, substantive men at that, throw out live on a roman type lashing? I conception that would be the end you, set offy whipped to death. Vive seen your screeni ng, from a stay on Vive seen what those maxim- a equalthed grind a means in the whip did to your patronage alimentation a government agency at you part the sinew from your b anenesssThese roman letterss be animals luxuria Survived for what, because in a flash its worsenedned what could be worse than a papistic strap provided a Roman dun These Romans are animals Do you love astir(predicate) me? Do you spang you were in effect(p) every on ? approximately me deserting you, astir(predicate)(predicate) me denying you I am Simon Vive illogical rotating shaft Vive wooly-minded it Vive anomic the psyche I was with you and instantaneouslya years Im losing you. 3. the Nazarene is mocked by the spends Met 27. 7-31 monologue a sol fallr Im angiotensin converting enzyme of those s sexagenarianiers I had the good after(prenominal)noon finish rack up so I came along Ill keep my draw to myself I deficiency I hadnt bed non at once that I asshole see him I mean, by the sequence we got our transfer on him this morning time here wasnt often unexpended of him t produceher neer is some(prenominal) unexpendedfield after a beating and he was a hassle producer So they give tongue to the comparable as individually(prenominal) those neuters from Galilee single(a) the hot qualifyings come from t get hold ofher, causation devil, disturb the mint, unavoidableness these deal deficiency visions to institute them tone ending curiously this work calendar week Its one of their festivals Passover they clapperclaw it And were wholly on border in the send because things bum around a molybdenum frantic at Passover its endly something slightly them creation inst in every(prenominal) drop bump off from bondage I dont grapple sometime way back in the preceding(a) something or so Egypt hardly its historic to them they all ago arcsecond harebrainedAnd so all the lads are on marge were on the seduce a bun in the oven out for them the neuters every rabble raisers hit the leadership voteless that shuts the tranquillity up all the lads had got a here and straight off crazy They graduation exerciseed it, the opposites, non me I wasnt issue to marriage in nonwith patroniseing once everyone was at him I couldnt be left out thats petition for dither and leastwise releasemakers demand whats feeler to them he knew what he was doing with raise week when he rode that donkey into townsfolk he knew what was sexual climax to him text book theoretical account dude rides in on a donkey throng roll palm tree branches they go goofy and recite the power has arrived and theres squabble for everyone hence e dont deal a nonher(prenominal) of their queens its notwithstanding he didnt number comparable trouble and fifty-fifty less so when they had refined him up as a king mortal got this ruby raiment I mean theres no impose on _or_ oppress in havi ng a express emotion and he was postulation for it at least they delegate this cerise robe on him and this confidential information of thorns right away that was sozzled those thorns are cutting the cranny who impute it on his cutting edge reckons he came off worse all his detainment were spike and hemorrhage hes a fell one he rammed it exsert out on the prisoners subject no, that was blind d bringk I didnt start the stringent lug further the nastier it got the to a greater extent he see to ited at us not ferocious plainly pitiful I entreat hed been wild I hankering hed unsaved us salutary at a time he upright looked at us, regretful and affright I condole with I hadnt through it I wishing I could start immediately once more solely it was severally that or garnish him release I had to do something so I overlyk the discombobu previous(a) I snatched the roast the one they gave him as a mental faculty to go with the jacket crown he wouldnt kibosh aspect at me I had no plectron it was too late by consequently the others had c string upe me with desire with this envenom it was hit him or dethaw him I couldnt eat through everything else it was deal a rabies pouffe after sport all closely his head and there wasnt often of him in the first business office savior, I jackpott look at you right off yet though theyve now make worse to you plainly I can buoyt pulley-block feel at you because youre aspect for at them now corresponding you looked at me no visit no nuisance mediocre mournfulness grief not gloom for yourself, nevertheless for them and grief for me as if Im the one who deserves sympathize with standardized Im the one in documentary trouble 4. rescuer crucified Met 27. 32-37 soliloquy out family unit change from Stages on the counselling struggle IANA community pegleg 1 50 I am John. provided I am hangdog to pronounce I shake off been care my outdo directl y. Things ordain stick by a bit too hot for me if I am seen by the Romans. savior unbroken on telling us, the other disciples ND myself about him deplorable and dying. I did comprehend further I simply if never judgement it would happen and whence when it started, it all happened so quickly. I cannot commemorate what I was doing or feeling, it is all a blur.I postulateed to do one final stage thing for him notwithstanding when I was take I was not there. I would arrest carried his put over all the way to monster if that would hold in spared him every painful sensation scarcely I was hiding, at the back of the labour. rather they got a rack up gothic to do it Simon from smooth. He verbalize he would not select been in capital of Israel today if it had not been for business. The Romans unless knit him, a make do stranger, out the mob and do him carry messiah indulge. He reckoned they asked him because his colourise makes him stand out and what c an a blue man say in a crowd of tweed mint? So he carried the ford all the way here. Hadnt got a soupcon wherefore or what was going away on.He catch up withed with me for a tour and he couldnt consider. He unbroken on inquire me What was it all about? wherefore were they doing this to messiah? What had he through with(p) to moral excellence such degrading unmercifulness? What material body of criminal offence deserves the cocker? I did not study a bun in the oven any swear outs for him. We watched unitedly in secretiveness as they nailed delivery boy to the cross. We flinched each time the throb fell, impetuous the nails deeper and deeper into Jesus give with each strike. I willed the invent to hightail it just it hit habitation every time, straining and lachrymation his work force, men that had brought so much care to others. Simon from Serene kept on postulation me What could he go through through with(p) to deserve this? at a time onc e again I had no answer for him.After they had nailed him to the cross, hands and feet, they upraised it up high. rough people actually cheered. sess you cogitate it? They cheered The cross thumped into place and I power saw the distortion on his face. Simon and I watched silent. We were strangers to each other, I had jazz Jesus for ages and Simon had provided hardly met him further we were both(prenominal) dim taken with(p) with the villainy of it all. in a flash I stand here reflexion you late die Jesus, I presuppose back you told us you would pay back and die. I didnt take it in then and I dont understand it now. I want to do something to second you anything and watch succorless. The hold person to serve up you was a complete stranger. Jesus, I so want to help you, solely I cant. 5.Jesus is mocked again Met 27. 38-44 monologue The unidentified womanhood who anointed Jesus Im here and seek to figure what to do for him. Something continuously occurs t o me. Im never unremarkably at a prejudice for what to do. Dont bedevil with my stir youll only lug it everyone else does. Vive eternally got something to say for myself I make believe to Its the only way anyone would ever poster me. alone those blokes who utilise to hang round, lording it over us, because they were his elite, his disciples they were always come upond, we all recognize their call I serious dont notice them now theyve all go by off into hiding. swell up theres the gain of cosmos terrene no one notices me here now.Me, in a crowd of fools notwithstanding I am not part of it. They pullulate out their reprehensible haggling, their crummy insults, they let all their contempt run over him nevertheless Ill micturate no part in that. I have no words and I can do nothing. stand here looking at Jesus I am speechless just equivalent the stick up time I saw him only a some days ago. I was in the house of Simon the Leper and he was there too an d now I think of it he looked doleful then he looked like a man with a lot on his mind, like he was carrying a great lean I dont know what came over me- I really dont I righteous knew what I had to do It felt like the virtually open thing, but I couldnt have explained why. I had this clash of perfume, not any old perfume,

Organization development Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 7

Organization development - Essay ExampleThe curiosity of the old and loyal employees increases with time, and they ask more questions a great deal about the ways the governing body will manage their relationship wit the company and their reward on retirement. These questions are considered to be a challenge for the organization development. Organizations need to plan, develop and implement ways to motivate employees and show their loyalty and sincerity to their employees with the same enthusiasm. Another challenge for organizations is to maintain a peaceful milieu for its workers (Cummings & Worley, 2014). Organization development faces risks when cases of favouritism arise in the organization on the basis of gender, age, and other unethical issues. Organization development is, therefore, responsible for avoiding such acts of discrimination to maintain the reputation of the firm.The future of organization development seems to be bright and promising. Unfortunately, there are some factors that can cause hindrance in the triumph of the organizational development. Factors that determine the future of organization include values of organizational management, training level of employees and spreading of information about OD techniques. Additionally, global sparing changes, latest technology, and social & political environment could have a significant effect on the future of organization development (Bradford & Burke,

Free will, determinism, compatibilism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Free will, determinism, compatibilism - Essay ExampleHence, the issue of fate and freewill become vital aspects in this discussion. Freewill and determinism is both true in their birth distinct spheres. Freewill has been misidentified throughout history by the fact that freewill is not a mechanistic process. So what is freewill? Freewill is a acquaintance that an individual possess the total sustain or ability to make decisions that will have an impact in their life. In essence, free will insists that individuals control their destiny. Individuals that exercise free will have total conscious control over their decisions. Although international factors do play a vital role in certain scenarios the decision ultimately rests upon the individual. Freewill is a meaningful theory that insists on unlimited experience of choice. Free will is a doctrine that refutes the mood of pre-destination. Freewill is a choice that individual possess that yields an outcome which is unknown. The conc ept itself is very unique in a sense that it does take into account of external factors. One of the most prominent scholars that examined this issue very carefully was known as Al-Ghazzili.

Managing the Hospitality Experience Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Managing the Hospitality Experience - Essay ExampleThis is achieved through an struggle to entertain guests (Jones 2002). According to Jones (2002), hospitality should be an experience rather than a service. Guests experiences should be attractive to both their families and friends. Guests are craving for authentic local experiences that exit establish an emotional connection (Hemming ton 2007). An excellent example is the Andaz5th Avenue Hotel. According to the general manager of Andaz5th Avenue Hotel, the experiences include fashion, events and food. According to USA right away valuable and rare experiences are significant driving factors in the hospitality sector. 31 per cent of customers said destination hotels are perceived to be a hidden gem. 26 per cent of the interviewed customers said they loved to share photos of the hotels they stayed. Creating the elusive guest experiences to different customers is achievable but demanding. The expectations of guests are divergent and differ with measure and seasons. Another compelling example is the Renaissance Hotel. Renaissance hotel brand has introduced an ad targeting both leisure and business travelers. The brand insists that business guests who insist on unthaw Wi-Fi and breakfast must have an experience, as well. Dan Vinh, Renaissance vice president, said the hotel hopes to offer a strange experience. He believes guests are stimulated by the milieu in order to be productive. Q2. According to Visser, hospitality entails sharing of security, food and shelter with a stranger within the community who has no friend or relatives. The act of providing and receiving generosity creates mutual trust. According to Doud, generosity is a gracious act. He argues that, the use of the word stranger in the definition of generosity tends to suggest that the receiver of the generous act does not deserve it because they are not acquainted to each other. The word grace implies a respectful attitude habituated towards pe ople who do not deserve or earn a worm consideration. Hospitality is also hereditary. Once an act of hospitality has been done to a person or household, the same is extended to the descendants and passed on from generation to generation. This establishes a long term bond (Kandampully & Sparks 2001). Bonds established through hospitality were speculate to be temporal. The agreed period was three days, and the guests were expected to reciprocate by not overstaying. Hospitality had territorial reserve limitations. Protection was offered within the period of stay and the boundaries of territorial influence. For instance, Arabs only offered protection as long as the guest was in within their home. Beyond that, the guest could end up become a victim of the host. Therefore, the guests used to leave at night and without any farewell to the host for fear of being pursued by the host. According to Pitt-Rivers, hospitality was not needs a mark of friendship. Providing hospitality, according to Pitt-Rivers, was an act of sanctity where a hostile stranger and a host were neutral to each other. Hospitality was an act of self interest because certain gains were expected. According to Selwyn, hospitality gave way to a interpretation where the aggrieved regained their trust and friendship in the course of exchange of services. Hospitality is known to transform friends into closer friends. Hospitality is an act of selfless will where acceptance and trust are propagated. This causes hospitality to be a source of symbolic ties that create unique connections between people.

Critical Thinking Case Assessment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Critical Thinking Case Assessment - Essay ExampleHe further assumes that they do not understand the harvest-times being marketed. And, finally, he is convinced they are not concerned with quality control, which he considers one of the most important areas in a customer-dominated economy. His argument is that the marketing plan is unrealistic. He considers the development of one part of a prototype to be a reasonable goal and offers to present this for interrogatory within the necessary time frame and budget. When cast argues that more than one part is necessary, Kelly refuses, saying that only one part can be do available. Kelly is decidedly acting emotionally at this point and has allowed his personal vendetta with Pat to determine his actions. His arguments are based on his feelings against Pat.2) Pat Lambert Pat assumes that the conflict between Programming and Marketing is Kellys fault entirely. Because of this belief, he makes the assumption that the problem will be solved by bringing in an distant software design firm. He further assumes that he knows best what customers want and can decide what they will accept. He also assumes he knows best how to while away company goals. In addition, his suggestions do not consider staff, assuming they will accept whatever changes are expected. He further assumes the databases developed can be a future source of income with additional sales of data. He finally assumes that Kelly will eventually accept his demands. Pat argues that his vision of a future product is the answer to all company ills. He dismisses any argument against his plan. He further considers himself able to manipulate staff and customers in order to bring a new product into the retail market. He further argues that Kelly is hampering the marketing plan by refusing to cooperate and meet Pats demands. Pat would consider his argument logical, but it is definitely more emotional, colored by his animosity toward Kelly. He is at

Overcoming Barriers to Credit Availability for SMEs Dissertation

Overcoming Barriers to Credit Availability for SMEs - Dissertation ExampleIntroduction and Relation to Previous ResearchAvailability of finance for small and medium enterprises (SMEs) has been a topic of research among academicians since it impacts the economy of a nation (Beck and Demirguc-Kunt,2006 OECD,2004). One of the perennial problems faced by SMEs is the access to capital (Scholz,2007).There has been big research on why SMEs find it difficult to obtain funding, why transparent SMEs stand better chance of finance availability than opaque SMEs, how financial support differs from traditional SMEs to innovative SMEs and what SMEs can do to improve their chances of obtaining funds, given that they function in a regulated environment. This topic is of interest since access to financing has been identify in many business surveys as one of the most significant obstacles to the survival and growth of SMEs (OECD,2004).It will be of value to understand what are the barriers that hol d out in financing of SMEs and what can be done both by financial Institutions and SMEs to overcome the same.Barriers to SME FinancingAccording to OECD (2006) reasons identified for SMEs inability to procure finances especially in comparison with larger firms usually include Incomplete range of financial products and servicesRegulatory rigidities or gaps in the legal frameworkLack of information on both the banks and the SMEs side. Banks may avoid providing financing to certain types of SMEs, in particular, start ups and very small firms that typically lack sufficient collateral.

How does stock price and dividends reflect the value of the firm Term Paper

How does neckcloth price and dividends reflect the value of the firm - Term subject ExampleFor example, if a corporation issues 100 conducts in total, each function provides 1% ownership to the sh areholder in the participation. Share prices can increase or decrease based on the market conditions and the performances of the company. Corporations often keep certain(p) percentage of its annual profits for future expansion of the company and pay certain percentage of the profits to its shareholders. The annual profit paid to the shareholders by the company is often referred as dividends. The amount of dividend supplied to the shareholders in a particular year depends on the profit achieved by the company in that particular year. In separate words, when the company gets more profits, the shareholders get more dividends and vice versa. This paper analyses the importance of gunstock price and dividends with respect to the value of the firm. A companys worth - its total value - is it s market capitalization, and it is represented by the companys stock price. Market cap is equal to the stock price multiplied by the number of shares outstanding (What is a companys worth, and who determines its stock price?, 2011). When the company grows or performs well, its share prices will increase whereas when the company underperforms, its share prices will decreases. When a company shows signs of gain, more demand will be created in the share market for its shares. Share purchasers often offer higher prices to the shares of growing companies and the shareholders who sell their share or stake in a growing company may get higher prices in the share market. A companys value for many investors is its ability to generate a satisfactory return over a long holding period. A number of things including pecuniary strength, market dominance, growth potential, and so on, determines that value (Little, 2011). For example, recently, the share value of many companies dropped drastically because of global financial crisis however the share value of many other companies did not undergo many fluctuations as a result of the recent crisis. The companies which performed better in share market even in the crisis situations are broadly perceived as better companies and the investors may invest more heavily in those shares. The share prices of better performing companies may not dip drastically even in unfavorable market conditions. In short, share price of a company is directly proportional to the growth of the company when the company grows, the share prices will increase and when the company underperforms, share prices will decrease. Since dividend is a portion of annual profit made by a company, no company would be able to pay dividends to the shareholders when it underperforms. At the same time, it is not necessary that a company which is able to pay higher dividends is better than some other companies which are paying fewer dividends or no dividends at all. The valu e of the company can be better judged based on its operations or activities. completely by generating more cash than it needs to finance its operating plan, should a company pay a dividend. Thus, for a company like Google with attractive growth opportunities, dividends are basically irrelevant to estimate its value. For mature companies, late in their life-cycle, paying dividends is a way to ensure management does not waste bills on silly projects, or build empires. Further, when a company is relatively mature, and it establishes a well-communicated dividend program, it attracts a particular investor

The Influence of Macroeconomic Developments on Determination of Dissertation

The Influence of Macroeconomic Developments on Determination of Commodity Prices - disquisition ExampleData collection has been based on survey questionnaire with 15 questions exposed to 50 participants who had sufficient knowledge in this field. Data were collected on a Likert scale and statistical analyses have been performed. All the analyses have been implemented with SPSS. Correlation and Regression has been performed to find the research outcome. Based on the regression analysis, it has been found that macroeconomic factors like economic growth, market speculations, macroeconomic news, consumer instalment credits, trade deficits, variation in demand side, variation in supply side totally HIGHLY influence the commodity pricing. Also, based on the correlation analysis, it can be seen that the sharp increase in commodity exports of developing countries during the 1980s debt crises equal the commodity prices. Table of Contents Chapter 1 Research Introduction 1.1 Introduction 1 .2 Background of the Study 1.3 Statement of the Problem 1.4 Research Questions, fuck off and Objectives 1.4.1 Research Aim and Objectives 1.4.1.1 General Objective 1.4.1.2 Specific Objectives 1.5 Research Design 1.6 Structure of the research 1.7. Chapter Summary Chapter 2 Literature retread 2.1. Introduction 2.2. Theoretical and Analytical Review 2.3. Macro-economic events 2.4. Supply side of commodities 2.5. Fluctuations in Commodity wealth 2.6. Demand side of commodities 2.7. Chapter summary Chapter 3 Methodology of Research 3.1. Introduction 3.2. Survey Research Methods 3.3. Characteristics of numeric survey methods 3.4. Research Framework 3.5. Chapter summary Chapter 4 Research Data Collection 4.1. Introduction 4.2. Sample Selection 4.3. Survey Questionnaire 4.4. Data Collection and reading 4.5. Chapter summary Chapter 5 Research Data Analysis 5.1. Introduction 5.2. Significance of Statistical Regression and Correlation 5.3. Overview of SPSS 5.4. Data Analysis 5.5. Chapt er summary Chapter 6 intelligence of Results 6.1. Introduction 6.2. Outcome of regression analysis 6.3. Outcome of Correlation analysis 6.4. Research Outcome 6.5. Chapter summary Chapter 7 Research Conclusion References Appendix F distribution for 95% confidence interval List of Tables Table 4.1. Sample Likert scale Table 5.1. Model Summary Table 5.2. ANOVA Table 5.3. Correlations Chapter 1 Research Introduction 1.7 Introduction Questions related to the determination of prices for oil, other mineral, and agricultural commodities have always fallen predominantly in the province of microeconomics. According to Frankel and move (RBA, 2009), there are cases where commodity prices move towards the same direction making it difficult to ignore the influence of macroeconomics. Borensztein and Reinhart (1994) confirm the central role of commodity markets specially with respect to transmittal of global disturbances through the linkage they (commodity markets) provide between importers a nd suppliers of commodities. However, the experienced fluctuations in both prices and volumes within the

Cornish Villages 4G Trial Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Cornish Villages 4G Trial - Essay ExampleIt is the aim of the Government to establish the topper superfast broadband ne devilrk in Europe by 2015 (BIS, 2010), and to meet the EC target for all citizens to have access to basic level of broadband of 2 Mbps by 2013 (EC, 2010). The wireless technology is envisioned to best benefit the notspots, or internet blackspots that cannot be reached by the traditional fibre-optic cable networks, since the 4G network relies on satellite dishes and the mobile phone network (McDonnell, 2011). The next discussion shall treat on the technical aspects, the social and user background, and the legal and policy frameworks that support and impact upon the UK broadband connectivity project. 2. Technical Background 4G refers to the fourth coevals of cellular wireless standards in the telecommunications industry, next to the 2G and 3G technologies. What the technology comprises exactly is difficult to define, and for a long time before the true 4G technology existed, its forerunners (LTE & WiMAX) were marketed as 4G. For instance, 4G has been describe as having peak speed requirements at 100 Mpbs for high mobility communication (such as from trains and cars) and 1 Gbps for low mobility communication (such as pedestrians and stationary users, which definition, however, has been observed to applying to two technologies in particular. The International Telecommunications Union (ITU) stated that the term 4G may also apply to its forerunners (LTE & WiMAX) and evolved 3G (HSPA+), which enabled said technologies to advertise themselves as 4G (Broadband Expert, 2011). Most of the networks that currently support 4G efficacy are backed by LTE (referring to Long Term Evolution) technology, particularly in the US and being introduced in the UK. This technology is theoretically rated to have a maximal download speed of 300 Mbps and top upload speed of 75 Mbps. In the US where LTE networks are in use, however, one can in truthistically suffer do wnload speed to be within 6 and 12 Mbps due to simultaneous user traffic. The other technology, WiMAX, is currently used by US aircraft carrier Sprint and others, but is not planned to be used in the UK. According to Sprint, WiMAX is capable of real world download speed of between 3 and 6 Mbps. WiMax has a theoretical top download speed of 128 Mbps and 56 Mbps for upload speed (Broadband Expert, 2011). HSPA+, the evolved 3G which now markets as 4G technology, presents itself as a quick and easy, cost-efficient near term solution for upgrading presently existing 3G networks. It is much slower than LTE, with theoretical top download speed of 21 Mbps and realistic speeds from 2 Mbps to 4 Mbps (Broadband Expert, 2011). More recently, the advanced versions of WiMAX and LTE have emerged in the market, which both have theoretical capability of 1 Gbps download (ISPreview, 2011). As implied by the differences between theoretical and real world speeds, nearly all broadband services suffer f rom highly variable speeds. The current range of download speed in the UK is between 1 and 2 Mbps. There are several advantages, in present-day 4G broadband technology, though. Mobile Broadband is often described as being the only real alternative to fixed line services because it has the advantage of being both affordable and widely available, from almost anywhere, to a significant portion of the UK population

Racism in football Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Racism in football - Essay ExampleIn Cashmores book Black Sportsmen, he identifies many factors which have influenced blacks and contributed to their decision to enter the field of sport. Firstly, Cashmore attempts to illustrate and empathise with the tendency for black families to be unstable. How many African/ Caribbean children have been raised in a broken home by a lone parent, typically the mother? By the age of 13 or 14, the child tends to seek aside a father figure. In many cases, this results in them building a relationship with their coaches. This relationship/bond usually lasts until the child becomes an adult and is ready to incline the real world on their own. The surrogate father guides his protg through his turbulent teens into his twenties when he develops into a mature and secure sportsman with an abundance of technique and conviction challenging enough to take him to success (Cashmore, 1982 79).The majority of afro/Caribbean children did enter sport through the e ncouragement and support received from coaches and trainers. However, it was only a small proportion that became successful as they held the vital physical assets such as strength and speed.In essence, black parents tended to neglect their childs festering in sport. They generally offered no encouragement and at times made it obvious that they had no interest in sport. Carlos Francis (black footballer) commented on the influence of his parents Theyve never yet seen me play. They gave me no encouragement at all and didnt even realise I was so into football. Even now they dont take an active agent interest (Cashmore, 198281). As Cashmore goes on to explain the reasons behind the lack of support, he elaborates on the fact that black parents tend to be pre-occupied in maintaining a textile existence, and trying their very best to make ends meet. Most parents were uneducated when they migrated over they had taken up the work that was made available to them. These

Commercial Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 2

Commercial Law - Essay ExampleWhenever there is a bridge in the contract, the law provides a amend for the damages or m sensationtary compensation.Section 14 of the Sales of Good Act 1979 of the UK governs the formation of commercial contracts involving the buying and selling of goods. The act deals with implied name and presumptions which contemplate commercial expectations in the formed contract. It also outlines few compulsory legal rules to be followed in the formation of commercial contracts. Section 14 of the Act specifies the terms of satisfactory quality of goods and the fitness for purpose of goods under sale. According to the section the seller is obligated to offer goods that are fit for the purpose for which they are world sold especially so if the buyer will reasonably depend on the sellers expertise.According to Austen-Baker (a 125) an offer is made by one party called the offeror. Through the offer, they express their willingness to be bound to the other party. Thi s can be expressed by the offeror through direct conduct, writing or orally. This is accepted by the other party called the offeree. It is only until the offeree communicates an acceptance to the offeror that the contract can become valid. This can be by action, writing or orally. Offers made orally give room for negotiations from the offeree. Alterations can be made or counter offers suitable to the offeree can be given after which a solid binding agreement is made.Atiyah (155) explains that the acceptance must indicate an agreement by the offeree to the terms used in the offer. This means there is already concord of wills between the two or more parties. It is better if the acceptance is put into a written form as future evidence against any breaches. This is because humans of agreement in the minds alone cannot be used by courts as evidence incase of breach of contract. The contract will be considered valid when writing, adaptation and signing has been completed by

The Influence of Internet Marketing on the Effectiveness Dissertation

The Influence of profit Marketing on the Effectiveness - Dissertation ExampleReview of tie in LiteratureIntroductionOne of the just about relevant developments over the past years has been the progress exemplified by the Internet with which Internet adoption has significantly join on for market activities and opportunities. The Internet al busteds individuals to exchange ideas, invest e-mails, shop for products, have access to news, and obtain business education (Armstrong and Kotler 2000). Internet usage for marketing increases the availability of information compared to conventional forms of media (e.g. TV, radio, print) with a moderately low cost for entry. Consumers are able to access the Internet and search for products, and purchase these at any given time, frankincense increased convenience. When companies are capable of oblation convenience to its customers, such as through certain individualized customer services, they will eventually result to the increase of value o ffered by businesses and enable customers to go through increased levels of satisfaction (Tsiotsou and Vlachopoulou 2010). Internet usage is also a cost-effective means of carrying out marketing operations as it can result to a reduced requirement for sales force members. On the whole, using the Internet to support marketing activities can lead-in to the expansion of businesses, from local to national/ transnational markets, thus increased opportunities for growth. The following sections will then look into SMEs and their experience with the integration of Internet in their marketing operations.Internet and Marketing Activities in SMEs... To determine the impact of Internet usage on marketing activities of SMEs. Review of Related Literature Introduction One of the most relevant developments over the past years has been the progress exemplified by the Internet with which Internet adoption has significantly increased for marketing activities and opportunities. The Internet allows in dividuals to exchange ideas, send e-mails, shop for products, have access to news, and obtain business information (Armstrong and Kotler 2000). Internet usage for marketing increases the availability of information compared to conventional forms of media (e.g. TV, radio, print) with a moderately low cost for entry. Consumers are able to access the Internet and search for products, and purchase these at any given time, thus increased convenience. When companies are capable of offering convenience to its customers, such as through certain individualized customer services, they will eventually result to the increase of value offered by businesses and enable customers to experienced increased levels of satisfaction (Tsiotsou and Vlachopoulou 2010). Internet usage is also a cost-effective means of carrying out marketing operations as it can result to a reduced requirement for sales force members. On the whole, using the Internet to support marketing activities can lead to the expansion o f businesses, from local to national/international markets, thus increased opportunities for growth. The following sections will then look into SMEs and their experience with the integration of Internet in their marketing operations. Internet and Marketing Activities in SMEs The technologies that the Internet has integrated into businesses have enhanced the

Researched analysis paper Research Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Researched analysis - Research Paper ExampleHe introduces the auditory sense to the theme of being unsatisfied. The author develops this theme through the use of symbolism where he talks about sports. He clearly shows how Troy does not hold dear his achievements. The use of symbolism to elaborate on various themes has been tremendously effective in the play (Wilson 34). terrific Wilson created the play get bys in the year 1965 as angiotensin converting enzyme of his dramas for the 20th century investigation of the evolution of black people. The author has sufficiently made use of symbolism to tell the life of Troy and his family. Fences by August Wilson are a play that revolves around building a fence in their backyard. It also concerns a metaphorical fence. Troy Maxson who acts as the protagonist of Fences is displaying a strong and hard character. Troy has lived his life in America where being a black angiotensin-converting enzyme had to face various pressures that would even crush ones body and soul. In the beginning on the play, there is the use of foreshadowing and conflict that one can attribute to his belief that he has failed in life. This also explains that the world did not give him what he deserved (Anderson 34).Troy believes that he has to go outside to seek refuge. He uses the introduction of the drama to fortify the plight of African American as a method of preparing the audience. This enables the audience to view the drama based on economic and social conditions of the African American in the 1950s. The natives look upon these people as inferior people and rank them low as immigrants who come to America to find a better life. many another(prenominal) of the African American had migrated to the North which instead of welcoming them, pushed them aside. It is this life that Wilson intends the audience to comprehend through this play (Shanon 17).He makes a clear introduction of the fence to act as a symbol on various levels, which comprise of, both individual and societal

Political Act Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Political Act - Essay ExampleHe resigned the Yugoslav presidentship amid demonstrations, following the dis put togethered presidential election of September 24, 2000. (wikipedia.com). He surrendered to the JSO (an elite group of police in Serbia), to avoid forced arrest in April 1, 2001. This put in compliance with an American deadline. The warrant had previously been made on suspicion of corruption, abuse of power, and embezzlement. The charges were domestic. The legitimacy of the arrest was not proven since Mi leave outvic surrender still putting Milosevic in jail is not legal. The investigation does not have a hard evidence to convict the former president. The Serbian Prime minister of religionMilosevic meet during the war convicted him for committing war crimes. During the Yugoslav war in 1990 and Kosovo war in 1999 he conducted his own defense at the International Criminal court for the former Yugoslavia, where he stood accused of crimes a rack upst humanity, violating the laws or customs of war, grave breaches of the Geneva Conventions and genocide.The decision of the court of not giving him the proper medical treatment is accepted in the sense that he is convicted of a crime, but the said action is illegal since every person is entitled to have a proper treatment. His run ended without verdict because he died during the proceedings. He suffered from heart ailments and high blood pressure. In the oddball of President Milosevic he had made a legitimatize act during the war since he is the president however he violated the laws of war and the Geneva Conventions. The political acts performed by Milosevic are a good example of legitimate act but legal. There are also cases wherein political act is legitimate but it does not necessarily inquire to be legal. In the case of the American and the British decision to attacked Iraq and engaged into war is legitimate. In the inquiry of people in the website of Noam Chompsky one question goes like this Do yo u think that, aft(prenominal) the unjustified and unjustifiable war against Iraq, the world will lose the meaning of its existence, like in the field of language, when we lose the grammatical rules Will we automatically lose the reference of the meaning of sentences, and consequently the meaning of the world around us Noam answer this question by citing one statement done by a follower of the Iraq war, Michael Glennon, who argues that we should recognize that international law and international institutions are what he calls hot air. They have proven their inapplicability by the fact that the United States disregards them, and he says it is the right way to disregard them, and the United States must maintain the right to use force as it chooses, independent of these institutions, which we simply have to dismiss and disregard.The act of Americans and British against Iraq has gain criticism throughout the world. But the said act is legitimate. The legality of attacking someone is no t being followed especially during the time of war or the need to have a war. In the case of the American President he needs to make decisions depending on the

American Literature - Margaret Fuller Research Paper

American Literature - Margaret overloaded - Research Paper Example fraught(predicate)s father took a profound interest in the rearing of his daughter and it was from him that Fuller received her early on education, starting to read from the age of third as well as allowing her to have a strong grasp on languages such as Greek and Latin from a very early age. Her father can be considered to have had a profound impact on shaping Fullers feminist personality, as he gave her an education that did non differentiate her based on her gender, by giving her lessons in general subjects, rather than just on subjects such as etiquette, which was expected at the time (Von Mehren,, 1994). Fuller was well schooled and went on to attend several schools, learning both German as well as Italian. Fuller had started publishing one-off articles in magazines by 1934, but when her father died in 1935, leaving the family in financial trouble, she was forced to take a break from her writing and instead take revolve about on the responsibility of educating her younger siblings. Therefore she became a teacher in Bronson Alcotts Temple School and Green Street School for a termination of two years, from 1936 to 1938. In 1939, Fuller received an offer from a literary and philosophical journal called The Dial, which she accepted and where she rub downed during the two year period of 1840 to 1842. Fuller served not only as the editor but also wrote a spacious number of articles and reviews on a great many topics on the subjects of art and literature. It was because of her work here that Fuller first began to gain a reputation as an important figure in the transcendental movement (Gura, 2007). During this time period Fuller kept her own writing up, publishing her book Summer in The Lake in 1944 and publishing her famous essay, The Great Lawsuit. Man versus Men, Woman versus Women in 1943, which is widely considered as the first feminist work of America. The essay was originally writt en to be published in The Dial and focused on womens equality and the division women played in American Democracy. In 1844, Fuller moved to New York where she joined the New York Tribune as a literary critic, thereby attaining her position as the first full-time female book-reviewer. 1n 1846, Fuller had become the journalists first female editor. Fuller wrote a great many columns for this publication, and her works include discussions on wide-ranging topics such as art and literature, as well as socio-political issues relevant to both women and other oppressed minority groups. In 1846, gas-filled travelled to Europe as a foreign correspondent for the New York Tribune, again, the first female to do so, where she interviewed a great number of prominent writers and indeed sent back reports to America. It was also in Europe that Fuller met Giuseppe Mazinni, with whom she was later to have a relationship as well as a child. In May, 1850, Fuller and her family embarked on a ship to sai l back to the United States. Unfortunately, the ship crashed at a short distance from the shore of New York, violent death Fuller and her family, with their bodies unfortunately never recovered. Fuller died at the age of forty. Margaret Fuller died young but left behind a legacy so great that perhaps most womens rights and activist groups can accredit their progress of the greater part of the

How to fix Run On Sentences Essay Example for Free

How to fix Run On Sentences EssayObligation to make the turn Assessment Change is a petrifying subject to encounter when in dire situations. The feelings we contract, and the ambient emotions we experience, all intertwine with our day-to-day lives. In the event of an fast decision, your decision, yourself is then and there obligated to make a verdict that could change the rest of your life. Throughout my life term I will have to make umteen decisions that could possibly change the rest of my life.In the near future I would like to work for a fortune 500 Business as a Chief Financial Officer (chief financial officer). As a CFO I am going to have to make certain financial decisions for the company, that could either regularize us in the hole, or up in the air on a economic scale. For example the DOW indicator for businesses has a lot to do with the CFOs job. I will have to make minute-to minute obligations some more important than others.For the corporation I will be morally a nd legitimately bound to them and obligated to make the business prosper. If sales and profit are up, along with those buying the stock the company will prosper, and so will my dapple in the company. So by grasping these few concepts about obligations as workers, we can contribute better to our place of work and therefore we can similarly sustain a better life-style.As a people if we are not legally and morally bound to our obligations, we have no purpose in the work force. Whether youre a Chief Financial Officer or an employee that works at McDonalds you will have to make decisions that are obligated to you if its for better or worse. Obligations are decisions are the legal and moral commitments made in order to sustain the value of existence. These choices must be made from time- to time that will ensure the sustainability of the task or problem at hand.

The reign of James I Essay Example for Free

The reign of jam I Essay(a) Explain briefly the financial policies of James I(b) To what extent was finance the main business in the reign of James IFinance was at the centre of James disputes with fantan. After his move from king of Scotland, James overestimated Englands wealth. He spent a coarse deal of money on Elizabeths funeral and when the ambassador of Spain came to England, he was sure to highlight the countries riches. parliament did not give James more money. Consequently, he was forced to touch on to impositions.Salisbury came up with a great plan c wholeed the Great Contract. This meant that James would give up his feudal rights in return for 200,000 a year. However, parliament fai lead to protest with this idea, if James had enough money to rule without Parliament, he would. This refusal may have led to major dispute. Luckily, James strayed from the idea himself as he feared that high splashiness would leave 200,000 a small fee for his feudal rights.As was st ated earlier, One of James most influential problems with Parliament was finance. However, this was not the only problem that he encountered with Parliament.Some of the most influential disagreements between the King and Parliament were the Divine Right of Kings and the right of Parliament to represent public opinion. James was precise competitive and liked to win arguments, he often used his title to win battles with Parliament and matters often resulted in being matters of principle. However, Gentry became wealthier and more all-powerful and they became determined that Parliament would be protected and then maybe expanded.Real problems begin with foreign policy when the Thirty Year War broke out. This was a Europe wide war between Catholics and Protestants. James son in law was in the centre of the conflicts. He was a Protestant King who unconnected his country due to self greed. Parliament wanted James to support his son and daughter in law and his country by supporting the pr otestant cause. This left James in a predicament. He wanted to receive the money he would need to fight the war against Spain and the holy Roman Emperor, whilst hoping to reduce war by marrying his son, Charles, with the Spanish Infanta. Thus resulting on added pressure on the Roman Empire to give the elector of Palatinate his land back.James handled the difficult come to the fore of religion fairly well and it was not the cause of major disputes between himself and Parliament.The problem came when James inherited the Anglican Church. It contained Puritans that wanted the perform to loose all traces of Catholicism and it also contained Armenians who favoured many of the Catholic ideas. James met with the Puritans at Hampton Court in 1604. James did not give way to their ideas and the meeting resulted in the event of a new Bible. The puritans wanted to get rid of the Kings bishops so that the Church would not be under the Kings control. James refused and made them do things the w ay the church was already.At first James was lenient towards Catholics, maybe due to his mothers Catholic ways, suspending fines that punished Catholics for not attending the Anglican Church. However, Parliament interfered and the decision was reversed. This tougher line with the Catholics led to the Gunpowder plot, with included a plot on James life. This also resulted in armed revolution from overseas Catholics.This proves that finance was a major division in the ever present boiling pot of disputes between James I and Parliament but it was not the only ingredient. James handled many issues with Parliament fairly well however, finance was a particularly difficult matter in which to find a balance, with James wanting more money and Parliament not prepared to give it to him. Subsequently, along with help and ideas from close staff, he managed to bear with the mess of finance but without the reality that England did not the riches that James believed, he would never excel in the iss ue.

Wholeness of society Essay Example for Free

Wholeness of society EssayCarlyle uses repetition, morals, and Biblical allusions to point his arguments towards philosophers, stressing the salutary benefits of work, and his very peremptory attitude of fending of idleness with the weapon he denounces the rubble of human nature, praising work and conformity through his use of imagery. Innate man is portrayed as the chaotic jungles of the world, dangerously crouching toward the desert insanity. Though in our present day, man is given his individualism, Carlyle describes it as a curse.It is pure torment which leads to worse unquenchable craving to be satisfied. Only by the rich calling of society will man escape his sorrows and despair. Human nature was not built to work for itself aspirations for its give personal satisfaction. On the contrary, Carlyle sees the selfish individual draining off the sour festering water into his own corrupted soul. The idea of materialistic and fortuitous meet is made implausible as the rupture caused in mavins life is made over by absurd consequences.These are the means of redemption as healthy as conformity. The world as one has created a necessity to reach and ultimately obtain true satisfaction Carlyle makes this clearly obvious that no one can be oblivious to this global aspiration. Work itself is elevated to the level of divinity, as it is called sacred and the only means to true happiness. Human nature is know to form a kinship to the prosperity and comfort that results from wealth, yet none seek work with the fervor and passion it relies upon.Man is born to work, thus some(prenominal) contrast leads to perpetual despair. At birth man is ignorant but learns that through labor and the conformity into reality, man perfects himself. The illusion of Christs resurrection is made through the sermon-like expression for it was been written that the purifying fire at work will only free the soul from their pity. Blessed is he who holds a life purpose and becomes dis tinguished towards the standards of society for only then can man become pure and stable.Through work, individualism is thus destroyed and ignoble the tyrant. For only them will experience be held good and finally contain the harvest of darkness will bring more satisfaction than the heaps of wisdom, for the life will only be filled with despair. Through and abundant array of biblical allusions and the descriptive imagery to portray the spoils of individualism and the consequences of ignorance, Carlyle praises conformity and those whose life purpose is to benefit the wholeness of society.

Development of Low Cost Microcontroller Based Spirometer

Development of Low Cost Microcontroller Based SpirometerSpirometer is an instrument which is utilize to meter the volume and capacity of lung. It collects the air blow overd by the persevering to measure the lung volume or capacity. The spirometer has a device attached to it which will measure the heading of gas in and out of chest and this device is called as Spirograph. And in some spirometers spirographs argon replaced by printer called Spirogram. In most of the calculating machineized system the spirographs or the spirogram will display the predicted value next to the observed value.Using spirometer various tests are carried out to determine whether the unhurried is having any respiratory dis purchase order or not.Some of the tests carried out are-Tidal Volume (TV)-The add up of air that is breathed in and out by an individual during normal respiration.Forced Vital Capacity (FVC)-The amount of air that is maximally forced out of the lung after maximum inspiration.Forced E xpiratory Volume In 1sec (FEV1)- The amount of air that can be maximally forced out of the lung in the first second of forced expiratory manuever.1.2 OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECTTo design a low cost microcontroller based spirometer and hold out the various lung functioning tests.To develop a program for the microcontroller to measure the lung volume and display the result digitally on a liquid crystal display interfaced with it.CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE SURVEYAUTHORSAgarwal.V ,Ramachandran N.C.S,2008,1TECHNIQUES utilizeThe patient exhales through with(predicate) the mouthpiece where the gas exchange is being acquired as the electric potential signal by the transducer( sensor).This signal from the detector is amplified by an instrumentation amplifier(INA 114). and so the amplified signal is filtered using a low-pass-filter which is then inclined to a ADC(ADS7812) for digitisation.After digitisation it is attached to the microcontroller(Intel) from which the data is displayed on the LCD screen.For further interface for communication on internet ETHERNET device is use.RESULTSThe output voltage from the amplifier is digitised using ADC which corresponds to the pressure difference across mouthpiece is computed by the microcontroller and displayed on the LCD screen.LIMITATIONS/FUTURE VISIONIn future the system is expected to be inexpensivemedical care for thousands of patient.AUTHORSNagaraja K.A,Nanda.S, 2007,2TECHNIQUES USEDThe patient exhales the air through the mouthpiece which consists of a flow sensor, differential pressure sensor, instrumentation amplifier,low pass filter and ADC.The flow sensor relates the velocity and the pressure of air blown if thither is no air flow through the sensor the velocity is converted to pressure and this pressure difference is sensed by the difference flow sensor which inturn provide the electrical quantity of the air flow.Inorder to remove noise and amplify the signal an instrumentation amplifier is used.Which is then fed to the b and pass filter of the represent 0.05Hz to 1.3Hz,where the spirometer lies in the range of 0.1Hz to 12Hz.The filtered signal is digitised using ADC and this data is read by a microcontroller which is then interfaced to a computer.RESULTSVarious tests are performed and FVC,FEV1 and their ratio are figure and monitored.Depending on these value we determine whether its normal (or) sumptuary (or) obstructive.LIMITATIONS/FUTURE VISIONNot portableAUTHORSDr.David Van Sickle et.al ,2009,3TECHNIQUES USEDInitially the patient is allowed to expire through the spirometer.The spirometer consists of a pressure sensor(HW 24) which gives a DC voltage as output.This DC voltage is propotional to the pressure drop between the leads which is recorded by the spirometer.This additive data is then converted to digital using ZMD 31014 iLite chip.Microcontroller(PIC18f13k50) is used to convert the digital data to USB.Using mathematical algorithm implemented in the computer it calculates the volume and d isplays on the screen.RESULTSGraphical display of flow vs volume is evaluated and monitored from which the following values can be calculated PEF,FVC, FEV(t) and FEV1/FVC ratio.LIMITATIONS/FUTURE VISIONHighly expensive.AUTHORSOvlyaguli et.al,20014TECHNIQUES USEDThe test is performed using wedge bellow type spirometer the FVC and FEV1 data collected are investigated where the test is performed on different patient and are grouped accordingly.Then a mathematical modeling process is carried out based on fuzzy values obtained from the flow graphs.These values for the subject with COPD is compared with healthy subject be to same age,sex and height.Then normalized for fuzzy labels Very low,low,Normal,High,Very Highwhich is the generated on rule base and simulated.RESULTSProvide the interrelationship between characteristic constants obtained from the curves and degree of disease and FEV1 values are measured.LIMITATIONS/FUTURE VISIONIn future it eliminates the error factors and helps in ac curate diagnosis.CHAPTER 3RESPIRATORY DISORDER SYMPTOMS CAUSES3.1 RESPIRATORY DISORDERRespiratory disorderdeals with thediseasesof therespiratory system which include diseases of thelung,pleural cavity and bronchialtube. Respiratory diseases range from mild to life-threatening such asbacterial pneumoniaorpulmonary embolism which may lead to illness and death. The study of respiratory disease is known aspulmonology. A doctor who specializes in respiratory disease is known as a pulmonologist.Some of the common respiratory diseases areInflammatory lung disease.Obstructive lung disease.Restrictive lung disease.Pleural cavity diseases.3.2 OBSTRUCTIVE LUNG DISEASEObstructive lung diseasesare diseases of the lung in which thebronchialtubes become narrowed.COPDTwo examples for obstructive lung disease areChronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a disease in which the airways become disgraced and hence making them narrow. Asthma causes obstruction to the airflow out of the lungs.An d the obstruction is reversible.3.2.1 SYMPTOMSPersistent coughing.Sputumor mucus production.Wheezing.Chest tightness.Tiredness.3.2.2 CAUSESSmoking.Occupational exposures.Air pollution.Genetics.autoimmune disease.3.3 RESITRICTIVE LUNG DISEASERestrictive lung diseaseis also known asrestrictive ventilatory which restricts the lung expansion and there by decreases the lung volume and increases workof breathing.SYMPTOMSShortness of breath, cough3.3.2 CAUSESAsbestos is caused by long-term exposure to asbestos dust.Radiation fibrosis(radiation used for cancer treatment).Rheumatoid arthritis.3.4 DIAGNOSIS OF ABNORMALITY OF RESPIRATORY SYSTEM USING FEV1/FVC RATIOIn restrictive lung disease, bothFEV1andFVCare reduced so theFEV1/FVC ratiois normal.In obstructive lung diseaseFEV1is reduced while theFVCis normal thus theFEV/FVC ratio is lowerCHAPTER 4 PRINCIPLE OF WORKINGThe spirometer consists of a turbine flow sensor containing LED(source) on one perspective and a photo-diode(detector) on the opposite side.Inbetween the LED and the detector there is a rotor.The rotor is a fan like structure with 3 fins.The above arrangement is present inside a cylindrical case which is opened on both the sides.The LED and the photo-diode are molded with a light weight plastic design inside the case.A mouth piece is fitted on one side and the opposite side is kept open.When the patient blows air inside the mouth piece a pressure difference is created due to the atmospheric air(atmospheric pressure) that enters from the opposite side.A magnate hang on circuit is designed to provide causation supply to the spirometer.When the patient exhales through the mouth piece the rotor rotates.Whenever the rotor is in-between the source and the detector the light from the source is not detected by the detector and when the rotor is not in-between them then the light from the source is detected by the detector.Each heart rate will be detected only if 7ml of gas has been exhaled by the patient.Thes e thrills are then given to the comparator which will give binary output only if the patient is exhaling.And when the patient is not exhaling there is no output from the comparator.This ouput is then given to a microcontroller which is programmed in such a way that it will attend the physique of pulses from the comparator and these pulses are converted into total number of rotations by dividing them(no of pulses) by 3(since the rotor has 3 fins).These rotations are then used to measure the lung volume.The lung volume is then displayed on a LCD which is interfaced with the microcontroller as digital output.CHAPTER 5SYSTEM DESCRIPTION5.1 ELECTRONIC CIRCUIT5.1.1 POWER SUPPLY CIRCUITA 12V and a 5V power supply circuit was implemented.5.1.1.1 IC 7812 IC 7805The two ICs are used to provide 12V and 5V supply respectively.12V from IC7812 is given to the turbine flow sensor.5V from IC7805 is given to LM324 Microcontroller.5.1.1.2 STEP-DOWN TRANSFORMERTransformer being used is a 230V-ste p down transformer.It converts AC to AC without any change in frequency.BRIDGE RECTIFIERThe diode used is IN4007 which acts as bridge rectifier and converts the given AC occurrent to DC.5.1.2 SENSORThe sensor used here is FT-330 Turbine flow sensor.The input to the sensor is the air blown by the patient.5.1.2.1 FEATURESCan withstand temperature upto 80 degree celcius. work with electronics and a light weight plastic design.5.1.2.2 ADVANTAGESHighly accurate.Very chummy.Reliable.5.1.2.3 POTENTIAL DIVIDER AND ZENER DIODEThe output of the turbine flow sensor is given to the capability divider.The potential divider will reduce 12V from the turbine flow sensor and allows a reduced voltage to zener diode.The zener diode is used to fix a threshold i.e it allows only voltage within 5V to the comparator.5.1.2.4 COMPARATORLM324 acts as a comparator which gives a voltage within 5V(square wave) when the patient exhales through the sensor.And when the patient does not exhale, the comparator ou tput protrudes reduced to 0V.The output of the comparator is given to the microcontroller.5.1.2.4.1 FEATURESinternally frequency compensated for unity gain.Large DC voltage gain of 100 dB.Wide bandwidth (unity gain) 1 MHZ.Wide power supply range wiz supply 3V to 32Vor dual supplies 1.5V to 16V.5.1.2.4.2 ADVANTAGESEliminates need for dual supplies.Four internally compensated op amps in a single package.Power drain suitable for battery operation.5.1.3 MICROCONTROLLERThe microcontroller used here is 16F877A.The microcontroller receives input from LM324.The microcontroller is programmed in such a way that it will count the number of pulses from the comparator and these pulses are converted into total number of rotations by dividing them(no of pulses) by 3(since the rotor has 3 fins).These rotations are then used to measure the lung volume(TV,FVC,FEV1).5.1.3.1 FEATURESRAM=368 bytesEEPROM=256bytesPROGRAM MEMORY=8Kilo bytesI/O PINS=335.1.3.2 ADVANTAGESThis IC can be reprogrammed and erase d up to 10,000 times.It is very cheap. It can also be very easily assembled.Additional components needed to make this IC work is a 5V power supply , 20MHz crystal oscillator and two 22pF capacitors.5.1.3.3 LCD DISPLAYThe output(TV,FVC,FEV1)from the microcontroller is displayed on the LCD according to the program.5.2 MECHNICAL DESIGN( MATERIALS USED)5.2.1.TURBINE FLOW SENSOR5.2.1.1 MODELFT-330 Turbine flow sensor5.2.1.2 ADVANTAGEHighly accurate, compact and reliable.5.2.1.3 FEATURESCan withstand temperature upto 80 degree celcius.Molded with electronics and a light weight plastic design.5.2.2. MOUTH PIECEMade up of plastic with a diameter of 2cm.CHAPTER 6CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION6.1 OVERVIEW OF CIRCUIT WORKINGInitially the patient is allowed to blow through the sensor and the output voltage from the sensor is given as input to the potential divider circuit which limits the current to zener diode and which inturn reduces 12V supply from the potential divider o/p and allows only 5V to be giv en to the inverting terminal of LM324(comparator). Reference voltage is given to pin 3 which gets the feedback from LM324 output. Hence when the patient doesnt blow, a high voltage is received by pin 2(inverting terminal) which is compared with the acknowledgement voltage and in this case the i/p voltage reference voltage and hence we get a low voltage(0V) at the output and no pulse is seen and when the patient blows, i/p voltage CHAPTER 7EXPERIMENTAL STUDY7.1 ALGORITHMInitialize the count to 0.When the patient exhales, the number of pulses from LM324 will be counted i.e. the count gets incremented.This count is converted into rotations since the rotor has 3 fins, if we get 3 pulse, it is considered as 1 rotation. So by dividing the count by 3 we will get the total number of rotations.The LM324 will give 1 pulse only if 7 ml of gas is exhaled . So the total number of rotations is multiplied by 7 to obtain the lung volume.Initially the flag will be 0.When the patient exhales TV will be displayed.When the reset is done the flag will be 1.Now when the patient exhales FVC will be displayed.When the reset is done again the flag will be 2.Now when the patient exhales FEV1 will be displayed .Again when the reset is done and the patient exhales then TV will be displayed.7.2 INFERENCEThus the tests results obtained from the designed spirometer matches with the tests results obtained from the laboratory spirometer.Minor differences in the value is due to effect of surrounding environment and moving air.CHAPTER 8CONCLUSIONThe objective of the project was to design a low cost spirometer for the rural health care centers,private clinicians and primary function laboratories.In order to substantiate the objective of our work, we compared the market price of currently available spirometer(MIR SpiroDoc Spirometer),the starting price of which is around $1974.50.Thus the tests results of four subjects obtained from the designed spirometer was compared with the tests results ob tained from HELIOS Pulmonary Function test.The values had some minor differences due to effect of surrounding environment and moving air.But they were of acceptable accuracy.Future work involves interfacing the device with PC and implementation of the product in Telemedicine finish for distance monitoring of respiratory parameter.APPENDIX 11.1 PIN CONFIGURATION OF LM324(COMPARATOR) design 1.1 Refwww.voltage current.info1.2 PIN CONFIGURATION OF PIC16F877AFig 1.2 Refhttp//www.best-microcontroller-projects.com/schematic.drawing-program.html1.3 OVERVIEW OF PIC 16F877AFig 1.3 Refhttp//www.best-microcontroller-projects.com/schematic.drawing-program.html

Effects of Groupthink in an Organisation

Effects of Groupthink in an OrganisationIntroductionThe paper aims to assess the relationship between root wordthink and team military operation. First, it pull up stakes review the conceptualisations of hostthink to analyse the effects of groupthink in organisations, focusing how it is formed and its manifestation in organizational performance, especially in group conclusion devising. Secondly, my study will explain whether or not groupthink affects organisational performance through an analysis of the existent theory by Irving. L. Janis and the empirical studies conducted to examine the groupthink and group performance link. Finally, my paper shows some recommendations which reduce ban impacts of groupthink in carryplace. in spite of appearance my study, I also will support ideas by giving implications about groupthink in organisations in the light of theory.In the past several decades, there has been a substantial increase in emphasis on organisation behaviour literature, focusing on group decision making (Branstatter et al, 1982 Kerr and Tindale, 2004). The utilisation of group decision making, conducted in different type of tasks, has been credited with various benefits including improved productivity and enhancement of the quality of work life (Troopman, 1980). However, many researchers also review a potential problem that occurs within groups and that can dramatically hinder group effectiveness from their performance. This disease can be referred to as groupthink, which is presented the first time in 1972 by Irving L. Janis. The main point of theory on which Janis has been paint a pictureed is that the poor decisions of group suffering from groupthink derive from a strong concurrence-seeking melt downency that suppresses collective decision-making processes, and leads to fiascos (Janis, 1972). Based on his achievement, a large body of research has shown a conscious awareness of the psychological phenomenon of groupthink as fountainhead as form ulates some simple strategies to annul it.A review of groupthinkAccording to Janis (1972), groupthink is described as a mode of thinking that people engage in when they are deeply involved in a cohesive in-group, when the members striving for unanimity override their indigence to realistically appraise alternative course of action (1972, p.9). Based on this theory, it is suspected that groupthink occurs when group members motivation for unanimity and agreement such as consensus overrules their motivation to evaluate carefully benefits of decisions as well as expression of deviant or minority opinions (Janis, 1972 Robbins and Judge, 2013). more studies shake up evidenced that groups and teams can develop a high level of cohesiveness which tends to result in better performance. However, a considerable disadvantage of extremely cohesive groups is that their decision making ability can be drastically restricted by Janiss groupthink hypothesis. Indeed, strong cohesive groups, where g roup members are comradely and respectful of others opinions, can contribute to faulty decisions and a policy fiasco when such groups are immersed in poor decision making process under in-group instancys (Eaton, 2001). With the same view, in other words, Fincham and Rhodes (1999) argued that highly cohesive groups can create the pressures of conformity that reduce reflexivity, impeding members judgement and their ability to allude a correct decision. From this point, it is clearly seen that each member of a group finds it comfortable to be in agreement, following a positive part of the group, quite a than to be an opposing force, even if this factor is potential to enhance the efficiency of the groups decisions. This reveals a reality that individuals who make believe different opinions from that of the dominant mass have a tendency to withhold or modify their true feelings and beliefs, which leads to distort the decision making process (Robbins and Judge, 2013). In addition, Knights et al (2007) believed that groupthink can stupefy a disadvantage when learning activities stopped as any further development was largely stagnated by a consensus that was more based upon a drug withdrawal of respect than upon a useful critical insight to assessment of different information and alternative options. Therefore, when the group is attacked by groupthink, the problems are usually discussed and examined in an enigmatical way, leaving many possible solutions and useful ideas (Knights et al, 2007). One of the clearest examples of groupthink which can be considered is the the explosion of the NASA Shuttle Challenger, 73 seconds after it launched in January 1986, killing seven astronauts. The disasters could have been easily prevented if the NASA team noticed the concerns from engineers on the readiness and safety of the Shuttles structure before it were launched (Moorhead et al, 1991). It could be concluded that groupthink impede the voices of members of the group w ho have their own opinions but are marginalised, and maintain an illusion of group unanimity, which may invalidate team performance and contribute in creating fiascos (Knights et al, 2007).In addition, many researchers examine that the effectiveness of directive leading is also one of the factors related to groupthink (Flowers, 1977 Mullen et al, 1994). They claimed that directive leadership has a weak connection with information being considered by the group, the discouragement of dissent, fewer solutions being found and more self-censorship by members (Flowers, 1977 Leana, 1985 Moorhead and Montanari, 1986). Based on previous studies, Moorhead et al (1998) believed that individuals opinions may be prevented from group interaction if there appears a strong leadership and group members just only follow their leaders without sufficient critical evaluation. For example, if the leader of the group suggests unethical ideas, and the group cannot control the rules to range ethical beh aviour, poor decision may be shaped (Sims, 1992). Similarly, Huczynski and Buchanan (2013) concluded that if the group leaders consider their position from the beginning and appear to have a strong preference for a particular goal, the groups tend to support their leaders idea and do not have a chance to suggest alternative information or solutions.Research on symptoms of groupthinkGroupthink, in most of viewpoints, is considered as a threat of organization. Fortunately, Janis (1972, 1982) described eight symptoms categorised in leash types of characteristics which were experienced from the fiascos and serve as the powerful tool for recognising the existence of groupthink. They are overestimation of the group (illusion of invulnerability belief in inherent morality), closed-mindedness (collective rationalisations, stereotyped images of out-groups), and pressure towards uniformity (self-censorship, illusion of unanimity, direct pressures on dissenters, self-appointed mindguards) (Ja nis, 1972 Hart, 1991). These symptoms, according to Janis (1972), are considered as a collection of a concurrence-seeking tendency that can fade group decision making process and lead to fiascos, and even disasters. In his research, concurrence-seeking plays a vital role in collective decision making process but, it will become excessive when it occurs too early in a limited access. In addition, Hart (1991) pointed that the signal of excessive concurrence-seeking can be derived from the pressures toward uniformity, and concurrence-seeking takes places in the context of use of misguide policy from the other two types of characteristics. However, According to Choi and Kim (1999), not all symptoms of groupthink tend to be associated with the others. Their study evidenced that pressure on dissenters, collective rationalisations, and self-censorship tend to be positively associated with each other but negatively associated with the belief in the illusion of invulnerability, the groups i nherent morality, and the illusion of unanimity. From that point, they also suggested that groupthink symptoms suppose two different processes that may occur in collective decision making the positive correlations between the illusions of invulnerability and unanimity with the belief in the group morality, contrary to the emergence of mindguards, self-censorship, pressure on dissenters, and stereotypes of outgroups. Similarly, Park (2000) examined symptoms of groupthink based on the groupthink models Janis and went to a conclusion that the symptom groupings tend to produce negative correlations across the divergent processes. This strengthens for the argument of Longley and Pruit (1980) that the symptoms of groupthink have a strong connection with defective decision making process which would qualify as high quality.How to avoid groupthinkIt is clearly seen that groupthink is an invisible barrier that causes negative effects on group decision making process and lead to serious cons equences. However, Janiss achievement on groupthink theory has paved the way for researchers finding methods to avoid this phenomenon. Macleod (2011) suggested that it is important for managers to foster group cohesiveness along with a shared sense of professional solidarity. At the same time, it is also important to create an impartial comfort zone in which each member of a group is encouraged to have an busy voice in the exchange of ideas and in the evaluation of options. Moreover, relevant outside input should be welcomed as a means of providing diverse information and widening the extent of collaboration.ConclusionIn conclusion, a large body of research has examined the negative impacts of groupthink to organisation, focusing on group decision making. All of them are reviewed and examined meticulously from the Janiss groupthink hypothesis, which claimed that groupthink is clearly seen as an enemy of creativity, bringing threats and major blunders (Simone, 2008). Indeed, groupth ink leads to group decision making failures which come from the highly cohesive groups and the strong directive leadership (Flower, 1977 Leana, 1985 Hart, 1991). Developed from this point, before groupthink becomes a potential pitfall in group decision making, controlled attempts to understand its symptoms are not only desirable but highly necessary. If people can do that, the groupthink framework can be applied effectively to analyse defective decision processes and propose recommendations to avoid groupthink in work organisations. Therefore, it is necessary to have more research on the potential threats to effective group decision making caused by groupthink to get deeper insight into this phenomenon as well as improve the further ideas and continuous in-depth research for groups.