The Hidden Gem of Best Paper Writing

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Technology On Romantic Relationships The Internet, Cell...

Kelsey Williams Bob Haas ENG 1103-13 15 November 2016 Technology in Romantic Relationships The internet, cell phones, and social media have become key actors in the life of many American couples. Of the 66 percent of adults who are married or in committed relationships use technology in the little and large moments. They negotiate over when to use it and when to abstain. A portion of them quarrel over its use and have had hurtful experiences caused by tech use. At the same time, some couples find that digital tools facilitate communication and support. In today’s society, we are more connected than we probably are aware due to not only social media but as well as its access being at the tips of our fingers. Since we have chosen to be so connected we have seemed to give up a large part of our privacy. This invasion of privacy mostly impacts our relationships with others- especially our romantic relationships. As well as it invading our privacy we now have studies that show how humans use technology for a form of attachment. As the technology world is growing and flourishing the interest in designing technologies that mediate and create a feeling of relatedness within interpersonal relationships beyond the explicit verbal communication. In the article â€Å"Advantages and disadvantages of technology in relationships† by Katherine M. Hertlein and Katrina Ancheta wrote a report with the main purpose to present a summary of the advantages and disadvantages of technology in coupleShow MoreRelatedEffects of Communication Technology on American Society1757 Words   |  7 Pagesdevelopment of technology that has credited us as a powerful country seems to be impacting the American society in more than just a positive way. As our country evolve and develop new and more amazing technologies, the social interactions tend to decrease. The traditional interactions of people in the society have increasingly been affected by the new technologies to the point that what we used to consider normal in society has become deviant. Despite the uncountable benefits of technology in areas suchRead MoreReview Of Couples, The Internet, And Social Media Essay1035 Words   |  5 PagesCouples and Media Research The report â€Å"Couples, The Internet, and Social Media,† is an analysis from Amanda Lenhart and Maeve Duggan of the information collected from a study done by the Pew Research Center. The research was conducted to understand correlations between couples, a somewhat broadly defined category, and their interactions with the Internet and social media. Paramount findings of the study include that young adults’ relationships are more likely to be impacted by their media use and thatRead MoreThe Effects On Relationships From Social Media1171 Words   |  5 PagesKayla Joseph Rebecca Mitchell English 603-HSZ-VA May 9, 2017 The Effects on Relationships from Social Media Social media is incorporated in our everyday lives. It is used mostly to stay connected with friends, family and the media world in general, but sometimes, it is used in different ways in such it can have an effect on relationships. The issue about social media and relationships is that it can cause a lot of issues such as disloyalty, trust issues, etc. It is much easier to cheat on your partnerRead MoreTechnology And The World War II Essay938 Words   |  4 PagesAfter reading the Chapter10, I know it talks about 3 parts. The history of Internet, from the beginning using at military to become a convergence of all the media that preceded it; the today’s Internet industry; and the controversy. I think the most important insight in the Chapter 10 is that history of mobile media. In 1870s, two inventors, Elisha Gray and Alexander Graham Bell invented the telephone. Next the two-way mobile radios were appeared by the World War II. The devices were used in theRead MoreLong Distance Relationships1595 Words   |  7 PagesLong Distance Relationships – Modern Media LuvDaSun Res/110 August 18, 2010 Christopher Benedetti Abstract Long distance relationships are no longer a thing of the past. Modern technology has made it viable for partners to stay constantly in touch during a 24-hour period. A review of five peer-reviewed journals provides a variety of perspectives of long distance relationships. The articles focus on the positive and negative aspects of Long Distance Relationships. Weaknesses, strengths and differencesRead MoreTechnology’s Negative Impact on Romantic Relationships2419 Words   |  10 PagesSocial networking and other social technology allows for interactions to occur between friends and family regardless of their location. While people remain social through communicating at a constant rate, the essence of face-to-face interactions is in part affected. In romantic relationships, open and honest communication with one’s partner is critical to the trust and development of the relationship. Young adults use social technology such as the Internet and mobile phones on a daily bas is to maintainRead MoreModern Day Romance : A Feeling Of Excitement And Mystery Associated With Love1726 Words   |  7 Pagesthe demise of modern day relationships due to the negative influence of technology, â€Å"old-fashioned† dating needs to again trend. First and foremost, social media has taken a huge toll on present-day relationships and the way dating is practiced. Old fashioned dating commonly begins with a man approaching a young lady he finds attractive and kindly asking her on a date. Now that social media has come into play, finding a charming woman is acted upon through social media apps such as tinder and InstagramRead MoreMobile Phones Changed The Way Of Communication And Life Style1614 Words   |  7 PagesSun, QiHui Wang Professor Measles English 1010, Annotated Bibliography 14 November 2015 introduction In the high-tech world, it is common sense that the cellphone has been playing an essential and indispensable role in our daily life. The mobile phones change the way of communication and life-style. people can get many other benefits from it such as games, camera, business. Therefore, it can be found that cellphones are used among people of all ages. Hardly can we image that without cellphones,Read MoreFamily Issues: Are social network sites affecting the family?1462 Words   |  6 PagesFamily Issues Are social network sites affecting the family? Social networks online affect our everyday lives even if we care not to admit it. According to Adler, studies of adolescent friendship groups, from middle and junior high school to high school have found that teenagers cluster along a multidimensional scale into groups composed accordingly to individuals’ social types and interests (Adler Adler, 1998). This socialization is true amongst teenagers using social network sites. ThereRead MoreThe Effect of Social Media on Relationships1718 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿The Effect of Social Media on Relationships New communication technologies are changing the lives of everyone around the world, including the way people foster relationships. Yet, from Psychology Today to The New York Times editorial page, everyone is weighing in on the harmful effects of social media on relationships. Criticisms include the danger of isolation, the loss of social etiquette, and the possibility of being misled by web-based information posted on Internet forums like Facebook

Midwifery Essay for Initiate or Continue Labour - myassignmenthelp

Question: Write about theMidwifery Essay for Initiate or Continue Labour. Answer: Syntocinon contains naturally occurring hormone called oxytocin that works in the same way as the natural hormone to stimulate labour. This synthetic hormone helps to initiate or continue labour, relieve pain and control bleeding during the onset of delivery. When contractions are too weak, syntocinon is induced containing oxytocin to induce labour or in cases where labour does not start naturally (Erickson, Lee Emeis, 2017). This medicine has many benefits as it strengthens the uterine contractions to push the baby out of the body during labour and birth. To shorten the length of labour, oxytocin is induced that increases contractions during labour and birth. Induced labour takes a lot of time to establish and is intense as compared to spontaneous labour. It is painful and therefore, to relieve pain, oxytocin is induced that shorten the length of labour by increasing contractions. This reduction of labour is priority of intrapartum care from the mother and foetal well-being. For th is, oxytocin in the form of syntocinon helps to shorten the pain exposure, stress, anxiety that improves the health and well-being of mother and satisfaction with childbirth. This also accelerates the progression of labour with better care and management of labour during birth and augmentation. The labour is at ease due to induction by oxytocin and the medicine can be controlled as per the patient requirement and time of delivery (Iravani et al., 2015). Oxytocin is also used for the delivery of placenta. Postpartum hemorrhage is a major cause for maternal mortality and morbidity. It is caused due to uterine atony occurring during immediate postpartum period. For the physiologic management of this condition, uterotonic medication like oxytocin is given to decrease the postpartum hemorrhage risk and maternal blood loss. This also reduces the increased risk for retained placenta and chances of maternal, side effects. In cases where augmentation is required as the membrane is broken and the contractions does not initiate. It is also beneficial in cases where there is slowing down of epidural, in turn slowing down labour process and therefore oxytocin is required for induction and in resuming the contractions. In addition, when this hormonal drug is given to the mother, it helps in the removal of placenta after the birth (Westhoff, Cotter Tolosa, 2013). This drug is used to start labour and after the body starts the normal contractions, the effect of the drug is slowly removed. Therefore, it is the best possible way to induce labour, reduce labour period and save lot of agony. Infection can also be prevented when labour is induced by oxytocin like Chorioamnionitis that is bacterial in nature infecting the amnion, chorion and amniotic fluid. Apart from initiation of labour pain, it also saves from blood loss during childbirth and in cases of uterine contractions absence during birth and labour. During augmentation of labour, oxytocin is used that induces uterine contractions and results in a good labour pattern and it is maintained at the same rate until delivery. Therefore, the above discussion illustrates that oxytocin is a valuable drug that assist in the uterine contractions that induces labour, accelerate it and helps to stop bleeding after delivery (Boie et al., 2016). References Boie, S., Velu, A. V., Glavind, J., Mol, B. W. J., Uldbjerg, N., de Graaf, I., ... Bakker, J. J. (2016). Discontinuation of intravenous oxytocin in the active phase of induced labour. The Cochrane Library. Erickson, E. N., Lee, C. S., Emeis, C. L. (2017). Role of Prophylactic Oxytocin in the Third Stage of Labor: Physiologic Versus Pharmacologically Influenced Labor and Birth. Journal of Midwifery Womens Health. Iravani, M., Janghorbani, M., Zarean, E., Bahrami, M. (2015). An overview of systematic reviews of normal labor and delivery management. Iranian journal of nursing and midwifery research, 20(3), 293. Westhoff, G., Cotter, A. M., Tolosa, J. E. (2013). Prophylactic oxytocin for the third stage of labour to prevent postpartum haemorrhage. The Cochrane Library.

The Writing Of The Constitution Essays (255 words) -

The Writing of the Constitution On July 2, 1776, John Adams, Benjamin Franklin, Robert Livingston, Roger Sherman, and Thomas Jefferson finished the final draft of their Declaration of Independence. Two days later, on July 4, delegates from the Continental Congress passed the declaration unanimously. The declaration contained a basic but integral principle which is important even today, and justified the independence movement for the newly formed United States of America. The preamble to the declaration established a small but vital principle that "whenever any form of government becomes destructive...it is the right of the people to alter or abolish it." This principle has continued to be significant to the United States because it gives every citizen the right to question the government and to actually do something about it. The second part of the declaration consisted of a list of justifications for departing from the British Empire. Some major justifications which were listed are: "He[King George III] has forbidden his Governors to pass laws of immediate and pressing importance," quartering "large bodies of armed troops" among people in the New world and for "imposing taxes on us without our consent." Finally the Continental Congress began the process of applying these principles when the declaration was adopted on July 4, 1776. After this, the Congress sent the document to the printer. Then, by the end of 1776, independent governments were functioning in every state except Georgia and New York. Each new state government had three branches: an executive branch, a legislature, and a court system. Most state constitutions guaranteed certain inalienable rights that the governments could not take away.

What are the differences between the Nationalists and the Unionists Essay Example

What are the differences between the Nationalists and the Unionists Essay Example What are the differences between the Nationalists and the Unionists Essay What are the differences between the Nationalists and the Unionists Essay Essay Topic: History There are many differences between the Nationalist and the Unionists but the main focus is their religious beliefs, political parties and their identity, I will be explaining in depth about these points. They both have completely different beliefs but they are both Christians. The nationalists see themselves as Irish and want a republic Ireland they have a very strong, strict religious rules. They have one central religious leader, the Pope in Rome, who decides all the matters of worship for every single Catholic in the world and they dont want a royal family. Unlike the nationalists the unionists consider themselves as British instead of Irish and believe they belong with Britain and giving allegiance to the queen, this is because they didnt want a Pope and the church to have complete control which they though that it had too much influence on Ireland which might lead to laws being changed like stopping divorces, abortions and contraception from happening. Nowadays some of the Irish have accepted that they wont have a united Ireland, but extreme actions have taken place as the real IRA use terrorism to get rid of the British. Only last week the real IRA carried out the gun attack at an Army barracks in Antrim in which two soldiers were killed. They have also been involved in many other incidents causing several deaths. Another difference between them is that the Nationalists and Unionists have political groups. The major Unionist political groups are the Democratic Unionist Party and the Ulster Unionist party, otherwise known as the DUP and UUP. The major Nationalist political groups are the Social and Democratic Labour Party (SDLP) and Sinn Fein. Although both the Unionists and Nationalists have hard-line and moderate views, there are some major differences between them. Firstly, the Nationalist SDLP wants reform in Northern Ireland and believes the Republic should have influence on how Northern Ireland is run; the SDLP has a moderate stance and does not encourage violence in any way, they try to achieve their views in a non violent manner. In contrast to this the UUP believes that political reform is needed, and that the Irish Republic must not be involved in this process; their aim is to defend Northern Irelands union with the United Kingdom. The UUP is the largest political party in Northern Ireland, and most Protestants support it. Secondly, the more hard-line Nationalist political party, Sinn Fein, has much harsher political views. They seek the unification of the 26 counties of the Republic of Ireland and the six counties of Northern Ireland in a democratic-socialist Irish Republic. Sinn Fein believes that the only way to solve Irelands problems is to cut all connections with Britain. Sinn Fein represents Roman Catholics who want to achieve a united Ireland through whatever means are necessary, including violence. The hard-line Unionist political group the DUP is the second largest Unionist party in Northern Ireland, and is co-founded and led by Reverend Ian Paisley. The DUP is supported by most Working Class Protestants in Northern Ireland. The DUP believe that they have to defeat the IRA, which they think will need a huge security force. This group is less aggressive than Sinn Fein, as it does not actively support using violence to accomplish its means; however, it does support paramilitary groups defending against Nationalist paramilitary groups. Both Nationalists and unionists have paramilitary groups; however there are differences between the two. The IRA (Irish Republican Army), up until its recent disarming, used severe violence to achieve its aims. The IRAs aims are the same as Sinn Feins, which is basically the IRAs political wing which was denied by Sinn Fein. The UFFs (Ulster Freedom Fighters) founding aims were to protect Unionists against the IRA; however now the UFF seems more like a revenge group, killing Catholics in return for actions performed by the IRA. The UFF is based on the same principles as the DUP and is used as security. The UDA and UDF (Ulster Defense Association and Ulster Defense Fighters) are similar and have the same views. The most prominent difference between the IRA and UFF, UDA, and UDF is that the IRA indiscriminately terrorized the United Kingdom and Ireland itself with bombs and violence, killing protestants, atheists, Catholics, etc, alike in the United Kingdom and Ireland. An example of this was when the IRA bombed the shopping centre in Manchester, killing many people. In contrast to this, the UFF, UDA, and UDF just respond to Republican violence by killing ordinary Catholics, living in Northern Ireland, for revenge. The point I am trying to emphasize is that the IRA kills indiscriminately to achieve its aims, while the Loyalist paramilitary groups usually kill for revenge, and not indiscriminately. Nationalists and Unionists have different community and social organisations. The Loyal Orange Order, a protestant organisation, organizes marches as a show of solidarity. The Ancient Order of Hibernians, is a similar Catholic organisation, however it has caused less problems, and is not as known. The Orange Order has been known to organize marches down predominately Catholic roads, and areas; this has caused chaos and violence in the past. An example of this was when the Orangemen had violent clashes with Catholics at Drum Cree. There are some fundamental differences between the Nationalist and Unionist. These differences have led to decades of disputes and killings as the people of Ireland have been in conflict over how they should be governed and who by. The opinions of the republic paramilitaries are that they have the right to use armed force against the British forces and the unionist terrorism groups believe that too. Overall which ever community you live in you will have different views on different events. Examples of two events which have many views on are the Partition and Bloody Sunday.

Free sample - Political Science. translation missing

Political Science. Political ScienceFreedom and political freedom for that matter refers to the lack of interference with the supreme, independent authority over an area or even territory by individual(s) through use of coercion or aggression. A state is said to be free if her government does not oppress her people. A society which is not free is the said to be a totalitarian society and is characterized by absence of political freedom with an aim to regulate almost every aspect of behavior. With such a society, freedom would refer to human relations only and coercion is a common phenomenon (Phillips, 276). The concept of political freedom is closely associated with civil liberties and individual rights. Political freedom is not a standalone concept but an aggregation of many concepts and freedoms which include; freedom of assembly, freedom of association, freedom of movement, freedom of religion, freedom of speech, freedom of press, freedom of thought, freedom from unreasonable seizure, scientific fre edom and academic freedom. All these freedoms shape the political freedom for it is the nature of the politics of any country that they are allowed or even denied (Friedrich A., 84). While freedom is more on the sovereignty of any state and her people, democracy refers to a government of the people, by the people for the people. Democracy can direct where the power to govern the people is directly from the people or it can be representative democracy where people elect or choose representatives to join the authorities on the behalf of the people (Brown H., 44). The United States of America has had a complex political system than most of the other government systems in the world. This is associated with the social divisions in the United States of America. The United States of America has both whites and black Americans. The coexistence of these two groups has not been very friendly. The whites always see the blacks as a lesser gene that incapable of doing what the whites can do. This kind of a division and oppression is seen on almost all the key sectors of the United States Economy from political world, government appointments and even business. As a result, the blacks have struggled their way out of poverty and even if little has been achieved, there is some light at the end of the tunnel. For instance, due to oppression, most blacks went into the music industry where they felt they can influence a large number of people especially the youth. Their music is mostly rap and the message is fighting the oppressing authorities. The whites rule the United States of America. The ruling class has gone further more and above any other in the world to suppress any public discussion about the social classes in the USA. Anticommunist groups in the late 1940 campaigned to outlaw any public opinions on socialism, Marxism among other classes in the United States. Those behind the move were the likes of John McCarthy. The public did not take it lightly and instead responded with fury. It resulted to the 1960 civil unrest in the United States of America. The government put some efforts to frustrate any efforts by the civil society to liberate itself through divide, confuse and rule. Things went out of hand and the American working class started emerging as an independent social force. Other groups like the human rights groups, labor movements and gay liberation all emerged. There was a large division of the society between the small group of capitalist who owned the production factors and was mostly the whites and the majority of the population who must sell their labor capabilities to make a living who were mostly blacks. With those characteristics of the United States of America and its economy, freedom had no meaning especially fir the oppressed and they to fight for it. The Democratic Party became the vehicle to liberation especially for the blacks. Oppressions were along the lines of race and gender. The party recruited blacks, females and Hispanic politicians. With these efforts, the last twelve years of the United States of America has been under two Democratic presidents and one republican with the post of United States secretary of state being given to white man, black man. This can be seen as a step forward towards the achieving freedom through fighting. The biggest hurdle to clear remains not on the racial ground but on the economic division. All these leaders are representatives of ruling class of the US and the world for that matter but not for blacks or white. Barack Obama on being elected the president of the United States of America crowned the fight. Also the dream of martin Luther Kin g jnr. came into fulfillment that one day there will be a more united society in USA where blacks and whites will be treated equally. He is the first African American president and he has overseen the biggest hand over of resources to the rich and Wall Street speculator in history of the United States of America.   He has also promoted nationwide wage cutting and union busting and in this Obama has demonstrated that he is out to serve not to be bonked by his skin color or even origin. United States of America still faces the challenge of a gap along economic endowments with 1 per cent of the population owning 40 per cent of the US wealth and monopolizing about 20 per cent of the total US income. Affirmative action in the public sector Affirmative action is a policy by the government with an aim to fight imbalances and injustices within its citizens. The injustices result unfairness and lack of a level ground for the players. This has been the case in the United States of America. Initially it was along racial biases where the blacks could not mix with the whites; some jobs were reserved for the whites, the big estates and cities were seen to belong to the whites. This is how the northern America has developed to a first world while countries in the Southern America have remained struggling and even today are classified as second world and they are mostly occupied by the blacks. Currently there are biases along economic grounds where the rich rule America and make decisions. Affirmative action would correct these anomalies. The policy though difficult to implement for those in authority and the rich will fight it, will ensure that there is a balance between the whites and the blacks in government appointments among other white collar jobs. Women should be equally represented as well as men. According to the protection clause of the 14th amendment, every citizen needs to be given an equal opportunity. Citizens should not be exposed to unfairness. For this to be realized then affirmative action is inevitable for under normal and real circumstances the level ground cannot be achieved for some people in the same economy are so much ahead of the others with resources and political power and hence the government needs to   put some checks and balances.    References Brown, Charles H., the Correspondents' War. New York: Charles Scribers' Sons, 2005. Friedrich August von Hayek, ‘Freedom and Coercion’ in David Miller (ed), Liberty (2007) pp. 80-86 Patrick Martin (2009). The fundamental social division is class, not race or gender.Phillips Shively, Power and Choice: An Introduction to Political Science. 8th ed. NY: McGraw Hill, 2003.

Descartes and Dreaming Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Descartes and Dreaming - Essay Example What he was actually hinting at was the fact that although the concept of sensation could be utilized for different ideas, a difference could take place from other points of view on the object in discussion. In other words, states of being that were realized through the experience of sensation could in fact be found to be an actual illusion. Such as with dreaming. An individual might sense that they are awake and lucid but in actuality they are still dreaming, so, according to Descartes there is no factual way to prove when a person is awake and when they are dreaming, all the time. However, Descartes admittedly pointed out that sense perception did hold value for some states of being. For example, if you are clothed and sitting at the table having a meal with your family, this can not be denied because your senses prove this is what you are doing. You can feel the morsels of food pass your lips, and go down as you swallow. In this regard, senses can be found to be a valid way of dis covering the truth (Monarch Notes 1963). Descartes had the renowned ability to make a person question the truth in the most valid of concepts. As with knowledge, he asked how a person could know for a certainty how the intelligence that they possessed could actually hold any truth How do you know for a certainty This can phase back into the idea of being asleep and dreaming and being in a state of wakefulness. Descartes would ask, "How do you really know" (Monarch Notes 1963). Therefore, sense knowledge alone can not be counted upon to fulfill all the requirements needed to prove the truth to a specific state of being, object, or even a persons existence. If this was totally relied upon, one would never fully know when they were awake or asleep because the senses can fool you. The senses form a type of illusion over the mind in a dreaming state, so in this regard a persons rationalization would be clouded and not wholly fact based. Because it is understood that sense impression is independent of free will, a dream state can not be for certain, nor can a wakeful state (Monarch Notes 1963). However, since human beings are rational thinkers, and we can rationalize the idea of wakefulness, humans thus have the ability to be able to discuss the feelings of being awake and interpret the concept. Nevertheless, in a state of sleep, human beings are not aware when they go to sleep and because of that can not logically state when they are asleep, even though they might be (Kumar 2001). For example, the experience of a dream within a dream has taken place with more than one person. In this type of state you feel your awake when you really are still asleep. So, the senses can be very tricky and inaccurate when trying to solve certain questions about life, spirituality, and objects. It appears that Descartes is right in his belief that there truly is no accurate way to state for sure when an individual is really asleep, and when they actually move into wakefulness. Not if a person is looking for definitive proof, anyway. The same is true for dreaming. Though people do dream (as this has been researched), individually a person can not know that they are dreaming because they can't even prove they are asleep. Dreaming and sleeping or not conscious thoughts, and therein lies the reasoning why they can not be proven when they

Sustainable Water Use in Australia Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Sustainable Water Use in Australia - Assignment Example The South Western parts of Australia are the driest parts, which experience varying climatic conditions. In addition to the global climatic change, variability in rainfall in these regions poses a significant challenge towards achieving sustainability in the usage of water. The irrigation methods used by farmers consume a lot of water resulting in water deficits in towns. Due to the increased demand for Australia’s food exports, farmers tend to exploit the water resources to the fullest. Therefore, the fact that some parts of the continent have inadequate water resources makes it hard for the entire continent to achieve sustainability in water usage. In the attempts to ensure adequacy of water in all areas, some politicians in Australia have hindered the achievement of water use sustainability. The political climate, in this case, is created and facilitated by the actors (politicians) who want to protect their interests and stay in power (Filho 2012, p. 243). Â  Another signi ficant challenge to the sustainable use of water is population growth. Most people living in rural areas, as well as urban centres, use water for domestic and industrial purposes. Thus, the increase in population raises the demand for water from the scarce water resources such as rivers and lakes. Population growth is usually associated with environmental pollution and degradation. An increase in the number of people in a certain area without an equal increase in water provision results to over-exploitation of water resources.

Death Essay Example for Free

Death Essay Death, to many who believe in reincarnation is passing into another life. The quality of this life could be well dependent on the, â€Å"karma† or the deeds that one has carried out in previous birth. Death thus need not be the end of life but just a new beginning. Reincarnation is generally thought to be an Eastern belief predominantly prevalent in Buddhism. Karma, some believe is an ancient Hindu cliche increasingly picked up by Buddhist scriptures which provide a cause – effect link to our actions. Reincarnation takes these links further and seeks to provide a relation between our actions and its outcomes in this birth to our karma in the previous birth. Karma is generally said to be unseen to the common man but ancient Hindu mythology believes that it is evident to the wise and knowledgeable sage. There are many such believers of this phenomenon in the West as well. Stevenson (1980) has even supported it with extensive scientific reasoning and examples. The instances quoted are of children who are said to have taken to speaking about their earlier life immediately after they had started talking. There are some studies which link birth marks or defects with past lives. These defects are seen as the wounds on a person of previous birth, who is remembered in the embryo, wounds which could possibly have been fatal. (Stevenson, 1997). Rationalists and particularly rational biologists would not believe that the biological deformities which are found at birth such as defective speech, hearing or blindness could have been a cause of an accident in previous life rather than defective growth of the embryo in its formative stage. There has thus been extensive skepticism about reincarnation particularly amongst the rationalist of the West. However there are numerous believers of incarnation who quote a number of examples which are there in the Bible including the teachings of Jesus where John the Baptist is considered as a reincarnate of Elijah the prophet. What then is the reality?

Industrial Revolution :: essays research papers

Industrial Revolution   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the previous class, we learned the changes of the Industrial Revolution. The Industrial Revolution had changed literally everything. Lives changed, roles changed, education changed, homes changed, health changed, romance changed; everything had changed.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The elements of the home changed in quite a few ways. The home was always filled with the people that lived there because they spend their time at home. The home was made of things that you could find locally or that you could make by hand. Houses were made out of mud, wood, and straw. The family had basically slept in the same bed for less consumption of space and for warmth. Not only did they live with the entire family, however they lived with fleas, rats, and lice. This allowed diseases to be spread and in effect, the population was very little because of the severity of the diseases. After the Revolution, the home is filled with less people because the people transport to other places. The home is filled with things that you can find all over the world. Houses are made out of steel frames, wood, glass windows, and very sturdy materials in addition to the idea that specialized workers made your home. The refrigerator and toilet were invented and people slept i n different beds causing an increase in the population due to the decrease in disease.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The elements of man and woman had changed as well. Man and woman married each other for survival. Man and woman needed each other for children and for each other’s work labor. Therefore, sex was a necessity for survival. Children were only acquired after marriage, if the child was born any other time, the couple was shunned by the community. Marriages were arranged by the parents and the husband between a money agreement. Once the couple married, no one left the farm but mainly lived their lives on the farm. Women married at the age of 14-16 and men in their mid 20s and 30s. This is because the women had a better chance of survival through childbirth at the age of 14, 15, and 16. After the Industrial Revolution, sex is pleasurable and couples do it for pleasure and not for survival. Sex is done before marriage in some cases and also advertised in movies. Couples marry as a result of love and attraction for one another. There is no longer a need for each oth er as a means of survival.

Biblical Worldview Essay Essay

Genesis 1 – 11 recounts the story of the Creation of the heavens, earth, and mankind, the fall of man into sin, and God’s original covenant with Moses. From these chapters in Genesis, many of the questions of life are answered for us. We learn whether there is a God, where we came from, how to tell right from wrong, and what our relationship with God should be. Genesis 1 – 11 sets down an early guide for us on how we should live our lives to honor God, how we can learn from past human errors, and how to deepen our relationship with God, all of which can help to shape our worldview. Right away in Genesis, we learn the story of creation and that God exists and created the heavens, earth, mankind, and all of the creatures that live on earth. Genesis 1:27 shows that life was created by God, stating â€Å"So God created mankind in his own image, in the image of God he created them; male and female he created them† (NIV). This helps us learn right away the relationship to God that we have. God created us in His image and created us to be perfect. God also, however, gave us the ability to sin by giving us free will. Genesis 5:1-32 shows again that man was created by God and shows that man descended from Adam and Eve, even listing the descendants and how long they lived. By showing how God created life, man, and all the creatures on earth, Genesis helps us to understand how we should relate to Him and how we should view His creation. God created perfect humans and God created a perfect world. But He also left the ability for us to choose whether we remained perfect. One thing we definitely learn from the story of original sin in Genesis is that our God is a loving God. Once Adam and Eve had eaten the forbidden fruit, God very easily could have struck them down and started mankind over again. Instead, God allowed Adam and Eve to live on, casting them out from the Garden of Eden in Genesis 3:23. Shortly after this, we also read the story of Cain and Able, with Cain killing his brother Able. God again does not strike down the sinner, but choses to again cast Cain out from the land in which he was living. And while God could have chosen to punish Cain by making it so that he could not have children, God was loving in allowing Cain to reproduce with his wife and also allowing Adam and Eve to reproduce again, giving them another son to replace Able. God showed love by not being too harsh on the sinners. This goes helps us to form our view of God. It shows us that God is not just a loving God, but He is also a forgiving God also. Allowing mankind to carry on even after such heinous acts instead of starting over again with a more perfect species shows us that our God is a great God and we should strive to live a life that will honor His love and forgiveness. As we read further along into Genesis, we see the lineage from the time of Adam until the time of Noah. We see that sin has started to run rampant in the world before Noah’s time. But we also learn in Genesis 6:9b that â€Å"Noah was a righteous man, blameless in his generation; Noah walked with God† (NIV). This is to say that Noah was following the pathway set down before him to live a life honoring God. Because Noah was living in this way, God spared Noah. God would send a great flood to earth to destroy all of mankind. God, however, made the first covenant with Noah, saying that because of how they lived their lives, He would spare them from the flood and allow them to continue mankind’s rule over the earth. This shows us not only that there are repercussions for our sins, but that God also will love and spare those who are living in a way that honors Him. Because Noah and his family were righteous, God made another covenant with them, showing them a rainbow after the flood and making the promise to never bring such destruction upon His people again. This shows us the relationship that God had with us as humans and the value that God put in promises. It also shows what God was willing to do to our civilization as a punishment for not living a righteous life that honored Him. Although God made the covenant to never bring this destruction upon us again, we need to know the power of God and what He could do to us if He wanted. After the great flood, we see the blood lines of Noah and his family. Genesis then turns its attention to the Tower of Babel. Mankind was building a tower, hoping that it would be able to reach to heaven. But when God saw this, He decided that His people would become too content and may try to  make things too easy for themselves. He therefore created different languages for all of His people to speak and spread His people all around the earth. God wanted civilization to have many different roots and many different stories. If we were to flourish as a people, we would need to be able to spread our wings. This was the start of many different civilizations that still exist in our world today. We learn that God doesn’t want us to have one story from which to learn, He wants us to have many stories from which we can learn different lessons. Genesis 1 – 11 gives us the first guidelines for what we can expect from God and how we should try to honor Him with our lives. We learn that our God is a loving and forgiving God, that we learn that God created us in His image, that God wants us to rule over the earth, that God will spare those whom He thinks are living a life to honor Him, and that God created many different civilizations from which we can learn many different lessons. Genesis 1 – 11 is a great start to learning more about ourselves, learning more about God, and learning more about how we should view this world with which God has blessed us.

Evidence based practice Essay

INTRODUCTION: Evidence-Based Practice (EBP) is a thoughtful integration of the best available evidence, coupled with clinical expertise. As such it enables health practitioners of all varieties to address healthcare questions with an evaluative and qualitative approach. EBP allows the practitioner to assess current and past research, clinical guidelines, and other information resources in order to identify relevant literature while differentiating between high-quality and low-quality findings. UNIT BACKGROUND: Evidence based practices was founded by Dr.Ardice Cochrane , a British epidemiologist.Cochrane was a strong proponent using evidence from randomized clinical trials because he believed that this was the strongest evidence on which clinical practice division is to be based.Evidence based health care practices are available for a number of conditions such as asthma,smoking cessation,heart failure and others.However these practices are not be implemented in care delivery and variation of practices[CMS,2008;Institute of medicine ,2001].Recent findings in the united states and Netherlands suggest that 30% to 40 % of patients are not receiving evidence based care,and 20% to30% of patients are receiving unneeded or potentially harmful care. DEFINITION: The most common definition of Evidence-Based Practice (EBP) is from Dr. David Sackett. EBP is â€Å"the conscientious, explicit and judicious use of current best evidence in making decisions about the care of the individual patient. It means integrating individual clinical expertise with the best available external clinical evidence from systematic research.† (Sackett D, 1996) Muir Gray suggests that evidence based health care is: â€Å"an approach to decision making in which the clinician uses the best evidence available, in consultation with the patient, to decide upon the option which suits the patient best†(Muir Gray, 1997) PURPOSES 1. Evidence based practice is an approach which tries to specify the way in which professionals or other decision mkers should make decisions by identifying such evidence that there may be for a practice and rating it according to how scientifically sound it may be. 2. Its goal is to eliminate unsound or excessively risky practices in favour of those that have better outcomes. 3. Evidence based practices has contributed a lot towards better patient outcomes. 4. The ultimate goal of evidenced based nursing is to provide the highest quality and most cost-efficient nursing care possible. 5. The purpose of evidence based practice in nursing is mainly to improve the quality of nursing care. For example: If you are caring for a child who was in a motor vehicle accident and sustained a severe head injury, would you want to know and use the effective ,empirically supported treatment established from randomized controlled trials to decrease his or her intracranial pressure? If the answer is â€Å"yesâ€Å",the empirical evidences are essentially very important in most of the clinical decision-making situations. The goal of EBP is the integration of: (a) clinical expertise/expert opinion, (b) external scientific evidence, and (c) client/patient/caregiver values to provide high-quality services reflecting the interests, values, needs, and choices of the individuals we serve. Conceptually, the trilateral principles forming the bases for EBP can be represented through a simple figure: STEPS OF EVIDENCED BASED PRACTICE : Evidence based practice process involves 5 steps as: 1. Formulating a clear question based on a clinical problem  2. Literture review to search for the best available evidences 3. Evaluating and analyzing the strengths and weaknessof that evidence in terms of validity and genelisability 4. Implementing useful findings in clinical practice based lon valid evidence 5. Evaluating efficacy and performance of evidences through a process of self reflection , audit, or peer aseessment 1.Formulating a clear question based on a clinical problem:[ ASK the question ] The first step is to formulate a clear question based on clinical problems.Ideas come from different sources but are categorized in  two areas: Problem focused triggers and Knowledgee focused triggers. Problem focused triggers are identified by healthcare staff through quality improvement,risk surveillance,benchmarking data,financial data, or recurrent clinical problems.Problem focused triggers could be clinical problems,or risk management issues. Example:Increased incidence of deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary emboli in trauma and neurosurgical patients.Diagnosis and proper treatment of a DVT is a very important task for health care professionals and is meant to prevent pulmonary embolism.This is an example of an important re tht more research can be conducted to add into evidence –based practice. Knowledge focused triggers are created when health care staff read research, listen to scientific papers at research conferences.Knowledge based triggers could be new research findings that further enhance nursing ,or new practice guidelines. Example: Pain management .,prevention of skin breakdown , assessing placement of nasogastric tubes, and use of saline to maintain patency of arterial lines. When selecting a question ,nurses should formulate questions that are likely to gain support from people within the organization.The priority of the question should be considered as well as the sevearity of the problem.Nurses should consider whether the topic would apply to many or few clinical areas.Also,the availability of the solid evidence should be considered.This will increase the staff willingness to implement into nursing practice. When forming a clinical question the following should be considered:the disorder or disease of the patient, the intervention or finding being reviewed, possibly a comparison intervention and the outcome.An acronym used to remember this is called the PICO model.: P-Who is the patient population? I-What is the potential intervention or area of interest? C-Is there a a comparison intervention or control group? O-What is the desired outcome? 2.Literature review to search for the best available evidence :[ ACQUIRE the evidence ] Once the topic is selected ,the research relevant to the topic must be reviewed . It is important that clinical studies , integrative literature reviewes , meta analysis, and well known and reliable existing evidence based practices guidelines are accessed in the literature retrieval process .The article can be loaded with optionated nd or biased statements that would clearly taint the findings, thus lowering the credibility and quality of article.Time management is crucial to information retrieval.To maintain high standards for evidence based practice implementation, education in research review is necessary to distinguish good research from poorly conducted research.it is important to review the current materials.Once the literature is located, it is helpful to classify the articles either conceptual or data-based.Before reading and critiquing the research ,it is useful to read theoretical and clinical articles to have a broad view of the nature of the topic and related concepts , and to then review existing evidence based practice guidelines. 3. Evaluating and analyzing the strengths and weakness of that evidence in terms of validity and generalisability: [APPRAISE the evidence] Use of rating systems to determine the quality of the research is crucial to the development of evidence based practice. Once you have found some potentially useful evidence it must be critically appraised to determine its validity and find out whether it will indeed answer your question. When appraising the evidence the main questions to ask, therefore, are: Can the evidence (e.g. the results of the research study) be trusted? What does the evidence mean? Does this answer my question? Is it relevant to my practice? Different appraisal and interpreting skills must be used depending on the kind of evidence being considered. Additionally, guidance and training on appraising different types of evidence are available from some of the websites listed on the Useful Internet Resources. 4.Implimenting useful findings in clinical practice based on valid evidence :Evidence is used alongside clinical expertise and the patient’s perspectives to plan care:[ APPLY:talk with the patient ] After determining the internal and external validity of the study ,a decisions is arrived at whether the information gathered does apply to your initial question.It is important to address questions related to diagnosis ,therpy ,harm, and prognosis. Once you have concluded that the evidence is of sound quality, you will need to draw on your own expertise, experience and knowledge of your unique patient and clinical setting. This will help you to decide whether the evidence should be incorporated into your clinical practice. You must consider both the benefits and risks of implementing the change, as well as the benefits and risks of excluding any alternatives. This decision should be made in collaboration with your patient, and in consultation with your manager or multidisciplinary team where appropriate.The information gathered should be interpreted according to many criteria and should always be shared with other nurses . 5.Evaluating efficacy and performance of evidences through a process of self reflection ,audit , or peer assessment: [self-evaluation ] Finally after implementation of the useful findings for the clinical practices;efficacy and performance is evaluated through process of self reflection ,internal or external audit or peer assessment.Part of the evaluation process involves following upto determine if your actions or decisions achieved the desired outcome. The Steps in the EBP Process: ASSESS the patient 1. Start with the patient — a clinical problem or question arises from the care of the patient ASK the question 2. Construct a well built clinical question derived from the case ACQUIRE the evidence 3. Select the appropriate resource(s) and conduct a search APPRAISE the evidence 4. Appraise that evidence for its validity (closeness to the truth) and applicability (usefulness in clinical practice) APPLY: talk with the patient 5. Return to the patient — integrate that evidence with clinical expertise, patient preferences and apply it to practice Self-evaluation 6. Evaluate your performance with this patient BARRIERS IN EVIDENCE BASED PRACTICE There are many barriers to promoting evidence based practices such as: Lack of professional ability to critically appraise research.this includes having a considerable amount of research evaluation skills ,access to journals ,nd hospital support to spend time are limited to the nurses. Lack of time workload pressure ,and competing priorities of patient care can impede use of evidence based practice. Lack of knowledge of research methods Lack of support from the professional colleges and organizations , and lack of confidence nd authority in the research area Practice environment can be resistant to changing tried and true conventional methods of practice.It is important to show nurses who may be resistant to changes the nursing practice the benefits that nurses, their patients and their institutions can reap from the implementation of evidence base nursing practices which is to provide better nursing care. Values ,resources and evidence are the three factors that influence decision making with regard to health care.In adition the nurses need to be more aware of how to assess the information and determine its applicability to the practice. Lack of continuing educational programs . Practices donot give have the means to provide workshops to teach new skills due to lack of funding, staff and time ;therefore research may be tossed dismissed.if this will occur valuable treatment may never be utilized in the practice. Another barrier is introducing newly learned method for improving the treatments or patients.New nurses might feel it is not their place to suggest oreven tell a superior nurse that newer , more efficient methods and practices are available. The perceived threat to clinical freedom offered by evidence – based practice is neither logical nor surprising.When we make decisions based upon good quality information we are inconsistent and biased. MODELS OF THE EVIDENCE – BASED PRACTICE PROCESS A number of different models and theories of evidence based practice has been developed and are important resources.These models offer frameworks for understanding the evidence based practice process and for implementing an evidence based practice project in a practice setting.Models that offer a framework for guiding an evidence based practice include the following : Advancing research and clinical practice through close collaboration(ARCC) model [Melynk and fineout-overholt ,2005] Diffusion of innovations theory [Rogers , 1995] Framework for adopting an evidence –based innovation [DiCenso et.al.,2005] Iowa model of research in practice [titler et al ,2001] Johns Hopkins nursing evidence based practice models [Newhouse et.al, 2005] Ottawa model of research use [Logan and Graham ,1998] Promoting action on research implementation in health services (PARIHS] model-,[Rycroft – Malone et.al2002 ,2007] Stetler model of research utilization.[Stetler ,2001] Although each model offers different perspectives on how to translate research findings into practice .It provides an overview of key activities and processes in evidence based practice efforts ,based on a a distillation of common elements from the various models.The most prominent models are Stetler model of research utilization and Iowa model of research in practice. Stetler model of research utilization: The Stetler model of evidence-based practice would help individual public health practitioners to use evidence in daily practice to inform program planning and implementation. The Stetler model of research utilization helps practitioners assess how research findings and other relevent evidence can be applied in practice. This model examines how to use evidence to create formal change within organizations, as well how individual practitioners can use research on an informal basis as part of critical thinking and reflective practice. Research use occurs in three forms Instrumental use refers to the concrete, direct application of knowledge. Conceptual use occurs when using research changes the understanding or the  way one thinks about an issue. Symbolic use or political/strategic use happens when information is used to justify or legitimate a policy or decision, or otherwise influence the thinking and behaviour of others. The Stetler model of evidence-based practice based on the following assumptions 1. The formal organization may or may not be involved in an individual’s use of research or other evidence. 2. Use may be instrumental, conceptual and/or symbolic/strategic. 3. Other types of evidence and/or non-research-related information are likely to be combined with research findings to facilitate decision making or problem solving. 4. Internal or external factors can influence an individual’s or group’s review and use of evidence. 5. Research and evaluation provide probabilistic information, not absolutes. 6. Lack of knowledge and skills pertaining to research use and evidence-informed practice can inhibit appropriate and effective use Phase I: Preparation—Purpose, Context and Sources of Research Evidence Identify the purpose of consulting evidence and relevant related sources. Recognize the need to consider important contextual factors that could influence implementation. Note that the reasons for using evidence will also identify measurable outcomes for Phase V (Evaluation). Phase II: Validation—Credibility of Findings and Potential for/Detailed Qualifiers of Application Assess each source of the evidence for its level of overall credibility, applicability and operational details, with the assumption .Determine whether a given source has no credibility or fit and thus whether to accept or reject it for synthesis with other evidence .Summarize relevant details regarding each source in an ‘applicable statement of findings’ to look at the implications for practice in Phase III. A summary of findings should: reflect the meaning of study findings reflect studied variables or relationships in ways that could be practically used Phase III: Comparative Evaluation/Decision Making—Synthesis and Decisions/Recommendations per Criteria of Applicability Logically organize and display the summarized findings from across all  validated sources in terms of their similarities and differences. Determine whether it is desirable or feasible to apply these summarized findings in practice others involved). Based on the comparative evaluation, the user makes one of four choices: Decide to use the research findings by putting knowledge into effect Consider use by gathering additional internal information before acting broadly on the evidence. Delay use since more research is required which you may decide to conduct based on local need Reject or not use . Phase IV: Translation/Application—Operational Definition of Use/Actions for Change Write generalizations that logically take research findings and form action terms Identify type of research use (cognitive, symbolic and instrumental). Identify method of use (informal/formal, direct/indirect). Identify level of use (individual, group, organization). Assess whether translation or use goes beyond actual findings/evidence. Consider the need for appropriate, reasoned variation in certain cases. Plan formal dissemination and change strategies. Phase V: Evaluation Clarify expected outcomes relative to purpose of seeking evidence Differentiate formal and informal evaluation of applying findings in practice. Consider cost-benefit of various evaluation efforts. Use Research Utilization as a process to enhance the credibility of evaluation data. Include two types of evaluation data: formative and outcome CONCLUSION Evidence based practices as using the best evidence available to guide clinical decision making.Evidence based practice in nursing is a pocess of locating ,appraising and applying the best evidence from the nursing and medical literature to improve the quality of clinical nursing practices. Evidence-Based Practice (EBP) is a thoughtful integration of the best  available evidence, coupled with clinical expertise. As such it enables health practitioners of all varieties to address healthcare questions with an evaluative and qualitative approach. EBP allows the practitioner to assess current and past research, clinical guidelines, and other information resources in order to identify relevant literature while differentiating between high-quality and low-quality findings.Evidence based practice involves making clinical division on the basis of the best possible evidence ,usually best evidence come from the rigrous research. REFERENCE 1. Anne M Barker. Advanced Practice Nursing-Essentials of knowledge for the profession. United States of America: Jons and Batlett publishers; 2009. P.337-338 . 2. Suresh k Sharma. Nursing research and statistics. Haryana: Elsevier; 2011. P. 22-27. 3. Dennise F Polit ,Cheryl Tatano Beck. Essentials of nursing research-Appraising evidence for nursing practice. 7th ed. Noida: Lippincot Willaims and Wilkins; 2009. P. 25-47. 4. Potter Perry. Basic Nursing. 7th ed. Haryana: Rajkamal Electric Press; 2009. P. 54-57. 5. Dr.R.Bincy. Nursing Research-Building Evidence for Practice. NewDelhi: Viva Books; 2013. P. 286-297. 6. Judith Habour. Nursing Research. 5th ed. United States of America: Mosby Elsevier; 2010. P. 386-427. 7. Neelam Makhija. A practice based on evidence based practice. Nightingale Nursing Times-A window for health. 2007 September; Vol 3: 18-21. 8. Models of evidence based practice. www.nccmt.ca/registry/view/eng/83-html. Accesed october 15, 2013.

US Superpower essays

US Superpower essays Is the United States still a superpower? A superpower is a power that is superior or very great. Yes, the United States is still a superpower under that definition. So many countries depend on the United States for their protection, say, and goods. Without the United States the world would have to depend on countries like China, England, and France that go through a lot of political disruption. Many countries will not go into war unless they have the backing of the United States, because they know that if they do go into war and the United States is not on their side that they might end up fighting the United States in the war and lose terribly. The United States has the strongest military and a lot of technology that is very useful to the rest of the world. The United States is the key to the worlds economy. The United States does not need to import goods from other countries because if it was necessary the United States could just depend on what is in the country. Such as the oil situation, we could drill in Alaska instead getting our oil from the Middle East. We import so many goods that we dish out a lot of money that helps support other countries. Dealing with the money situation, the United States tries to help undeveloped countries buy loaning them money or sometimes just giving them money to get them on their feet. We put out so much money to other parts of the world that if we did not they would just collapse. In conclusion, the United States is still a superpower because the world needs us to be. If we werent a superpower, the rest of the world would just be chaos. ...

How To Use Spanish Interrogative Pronouns

How To Use Spanish Interrogative Pronouns Interrogative pronouns are those pronouns that are used almost exclusively in questions. In both Spanish and English, interrogative pronouns are typically placed at or very near the beginning of a sentence. The Spanish Interrogatives Following are the interrogative pronouns in Spanish with their translations and examples of their usage. Note that in some cases the pronouns can vary in translation when they follow a preposition. Also, some of the pronouns exist in singular and plural forms and (in the case of cunto) masculine and feminine forms that should match the noun they stand for. quià ©n, quià ©nes - who, whom -  ¿Quià ©n es tu amiga? (Who is your friend?)  ¿Quià ©n es? (Who is it?)  ¿A quià ©nes conociste? (Whom have you met?)  ¿Con quià ©n andas? (Whom are you walking with?)  ¿De quià ©n es esta computadora? (Whose computer is this?)  ¿Para quià ©nes son las comidas? (Whom are the meals for?)quà © - what (The phrases por quà © and para quà © are usually translated as why. Por quà © is more common than para quà ©. They are sometimes interchangeable; para quà © can be used only when asking about the intent or purpose of something happening and can be thought of as meaning what for.) -  ¿Quà © es esto? (What is this?)  ¿Quà © pasa? (Whats happening?)  ¿En quà © piensas? (What are you thinking about?)  ¿De quà © hablas? (What are you talking about?)  ¿Para quà © estudiaba espaà ±ol? (Why did you study Spanish? What did you study Spanish for?)  ¿Por quà © se rompià ³ el coche? (Why did the car break down?)  ¿Qu à © restaurante prefieres? (What restaurant do you prefer?)dà ³nde - where -  ¿Dà ³nde est? (Where is it?)  ¿De dà ³nde es Roberto? (Where is Roberto from?)  ¿Por dà ³nde empezar? (Where do we begin?)  Ã‚ ¿Dà ³nde puedo ver el eclipse lunar?  (Where can I see the lunar eclipse?) Note that adà ³nde should be used when where can be substituted with where to with no change in meaning. adà ³nde  - where to, to where  -   Ã‚ ¿Adà ³nde  vas?  (Where are you going to? Where are you going?)  Ã‚ ¿Adà ³nde podemos ir con nuestro perro? (Where can we go to with our dog?)cundo - when -  ¿Cundo salimos? (When are we leaving?)  ¿Para cundo estar listo? (By when will it be ready?)  ¿Hasta cundo quedan ustedes? (Until when are you staying?)cul, cules - which one, which ones (This word also can often be translated as what. Generally speaking, when cul is used it suggests the making of a selection from more than one alternative.) -  ¿Cul prefieres? (Which one do you prefer?)  ¿Cules prefieres? (Which ones do you like?)cà ³mo - how -  ¿Cà ³mo ests? (How are you?)  ¿Cà ³mo lo haces? (How do you do it?)cunto, cunta, cuntos, cuntas - how much, how many -  ¿Cunto hay? (How much is there?)  ¿Cuntos? (How many?) - The masculine form is used unless in context it is known you are referring to an object or objects that are grammatically femini ne. For example,  ¿cuntos? might mean how many pesos? because pesos is masculine, while  ¿cuntas? might mean how many towels? because toallas is feminine. Using Interrogative Pronouns As you may have noticed, the interrogative pronouns are all spelled with accent marks that do not affect the pronunciation. Many of the interrogative pronouns also can be used in indirect questions  (as opposed to questions) while retaining  the accent mark. Note also that many of the interrogative pronouns can be used as other parts of speech, including adjectives and adverbs, either with or without the accent marks, depending on the context.

Introduction To Finance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Introduction To Finance - Essay Example The centre in this article will be on the three primary budgetary proclamations: the Income Statement, Balance Sheet, and Statement of Cash Flows. Every stamen is covered below in proper details. To being with, Income Statement: Purpose: The Income Statement depicts the after effects of those exercises identified with the improvement, generation, promoting, and offering of an organisations item or administration. In less complex terms, it fundamentally conveys an organisations net pay, characterized as its incomes (inflows of cash or assets) fewer cost (outpourings of cash or assets) for a given period. Component: While there is more than restricted to build an Income Statement, one regular strategy – known as a multi-step – appears. The accompanying four measures of gainfulness that are revealed: Gross Margin: This sum is figured by subtracting the expense of products sold from income. It represents to the amount cash an organisation holds from the offer of an item in the wake of paying for the generation of that item. This cash might be utilized to pay working costs (Carmona, 2010, 23) Earnings before Income Tax: An organisations profit before the pay expense cost is one that is nearly looked as a solid marker of gainfulness, as a grouping of procedures are accessible to organisations to minimize or even dodge imposes that influence their reported pay. Net Income: This is known as an organisations "bottom line", and can obviously appear as a negative number if costs surpass incomes. Importance to investors: The Income Statement permits investors to foresee an associations future execution on the premise of past results. It likewise gives experiences into how adequately administration is controlling costs, and permits investors to ascertain the money related proportions that uncover how well the organisation is contributing the cash under its control (Carmona, 2011,14). Purpose: The Balance Sheet

Main Principles of Buddhism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 7

Main Principles of Buddhism - Essay Example There are varied differences between Theravada and Mahayana Buddhism. In his work, Chodron (2001) indicates that Theravada puts a lot of focus on the Pali Canon or the Tripitaka whilst the Mahayana uses the books of Theravada Tripitaka and other sutras like the Lotus Sutra. In terms of Buddhas, Theravada is more inclined on the historical Buddha- the Gautama.   Mahayana applies the Gautama Buddha and other Buddhas like the medicine Buddhas and Amitabha (Chodron, 2001). With Theravada being located in the Southern- notable Thailand, Burma, Laos, Cambodia and other parts of S.E. Asia- and Mahayana on the Northern part, their goals of training are different. Theravada teaches Arhat while Mahayana Buddha hood through the bodhisattva-path (Chodron, 2001). The languages are also different, Pali for Theravada and Sanskrit for Mahayana (Chodron, 2001). Theravada has few rituals that are not closely followed while Mahayana has numerous that are determined by local pressures on their culture s.In Buddhism, the reason for living is to be happy. Chodron (2001) argues that it is difficult to achieve this happiness as the world is full of uncertainties that cause discontent. In this case, individuals are expected to search their souls in the quest to attain happiness, since it is believed happiness comes from within an individual.  

Research Paper on Paul Robeson Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

On Paul Robeson - Research Paper Example It was the impact of this social and political contribution of his parents that greatly influenced the mind of Paul when he was being nourished. His parents put their possible parental efforts to nurture Paul in a way that one day he would become a beacon of hope and symbol of justice not only for his African American fellows but also to those who suffer the tyranny of cruel rulers of that time. Consequently, Paul greatly learned and became an owner of remarkable multi-faceted personality. In the subsequent part of this essay, first, Paul Robeson’s birth, his childhood, early life and portion such as why should he be remembered are accounted for before the conclusion. Birth, early childhood and early life Paul LeRoy Bustill Robeson was born on April 9, 1898 in Princeton, New Jersey (Britannica.com, web). He was born the last of eight children in the Robeson family. His father, William Drew Robeson, was a runaway slave, fighting for the North in the era of Civil War in the peri od of 1861 to 1865. And for nineteen years, William remained pastor at church in New Jersey (Robeson, Jr. 2001, p.3).At that time, the South was fighting against the North over the secession. Additionally, his father chose his career in religion and received a degree in divinity from the Lincoln University and became pastor at a Presbyterian church in Princeton. Additionally, Paul’s mother, Anna Louisa Robeson, was a distinguished member of a Bustill family of Philadelphia, in which patriots of the Revolutionary War (1775-83), were included at the time when the America was fighting for their independence from the colonization of the Great Britain. In addition, Paul’s mother was also greatly involved in the social movements such as the Free African Society, developed to help runaway slaves. This entire background in which young Paul was being nurtured depicts the entire future of Paul. At the age of six, Paul lost his mother when she died. After her death, Paul’s father decided to move the remaining family to Somerville, New Jersey. At Somerville, young Paul received the supervision and nourishment from his father. At his childhood, Paul constantly remained in touch with his father, he regularly used to work with his father in church where he sang songs. Almost on each day of his childhood, Paul utilized his entire day with his father and it was his father’s way of life and his thinking that considerably played its role to determine the future direction of young Paul. Additionally, it was the role of William Drew Robeson that taught young Paul the lessons of hard work, fighting for beliefs, pursing valuable goals and helping others to achieve their cause. Political and social role Paul Robeson considerably played these two roles during the period of 1930s throughout the Europe and United States of America (notablebiographies.com, web). And during the period of 1930 to 1950, Paul spoke out against injustice (Freedomways, 1998, p.22). In 1934, Paul made the first trip to the Soviet Union where he spoke out against the rule of Adolf Hitler and his Nazi regime in Germany. In which, Paul severely criticized the radical and racial German army and its role against the Jews and other minorities living under the cruel rule of the Hitler. Additionally, Paul did not support the Italian invasion of Ethiopia and raised his voice against such tyranny at the hands of the Italian forces. In order to support the Ethiopians

Data Anonymization in Cloud Computing

Data Anonymization in Cloud Computing Data Anonymization Approach For Privacy  Preserving In Cloud Saranya M Abstract—Private data such as electronic health records  and banking transactions must be shared within the cloud  environment to analysis or mine data for research purposes. Data privacy is one of the most concerned issues in big data  applications, because processing large-scale sensitive data sets  often requires computation power provided by public cloud  services. A technique called Data Anonymization, the privacy  of an individual can be preserved while aggregate information  is shared for mining purposes. Data Anonymization is a  concept of hiding sensitive data items of the data owner. A  bottom-up generalization for transforming more specific data  to less specific but semantically consistent data for privacy  protection. The idea is to explore the data generalization from  data mining to hide detailed data, rather than discovering the  patterns. When the data is masked, data mining techniques  can be applied without modification. Keywords—Data Anonymization; Cloud; Bottom Up Generalization; Mapreduce; Privacy Preservation. I. INTRODUCTION Cloud Computing refers to configuring, manipulating,  and accessing the applications through online. It provides  online data storage, infrastructure and application.which is  a disruptive trend which poses a significant impact on  current IT industry and research communities [1]. Cloud  computing provides massive storage capacity computation  power and by utilizing a large number of commodity  computers together. It enable users to deploy applications  with low cost, without high investment in infrastructure. Due to privacy and security problem, numerous potential  customers are still hesitant to take advantage of cloud  [7].However, Cloud computing reduce costs through  optimization and increased operating and economic  efficiencies and enhance collaboration, agility, and scale, by  enabling a global computing model over the Internet  infrastructure. However, without proper security and  privacy solutions for clouds, this potentially cloud  computing paradigm could become a huge failure. Cloud delivery models are classified into three. They are  software as a service (saas), platform as a service (paas)  and infrastructure as a service (iaas). Saas is very similar to  the old thin-client model of software provision, clients  where usually web browsers, provides the point of access  to running software on servers.Paas provides a platform on  which software can be developed and deployed. Iaas is  comprised of highly automated and scalable computer  resources, complemented by cloud storage and network  capability which can be metered ,self-provisioned and  available on-demand[7]. Cloud is deployed using some models which include  public, private and hybrid clouds. A public cloud is one in  which the services and infrastructure are provided off-site  over the Internet. A private cloud is one in which the  services and infrastructure are maintained on a private  network. Those clouds offer a great level of security. A  hybrid cloud includes a variety of public and private  options with multiple providers. Big data environments require clusters of servers to  support the tools that process the large volumes of data,  with high velocity and with varied formats of big data. Clouds are deployed on pools of server, networking  resources , storage and can scale up or down as needed for  convenience. Cloud computing provides a cost-effective way for  supporting big data techniques and advanced applications  that drives business value. Big data analytics is a set of  advanced technologies designed to work with large  volumes of data. It uses different quantitative methods like  computational mathematics, machine learning, robotics,  neural networks and artificial intelligence to explore the  data in cloud. In cloud infrastructure to analyze big data makes sense  because Investments in big data analysis can be significant  and drive a need for efficient and cost-effective  infrastructure, Big data combines internal and external  sources as well as Data services that are needed to extract  value from big data[17]. To address the scalability problem for large scale data set  used a widely adopted parallel data processing framework  like Map Reduce. In first phase, the original datasets are  partitioned into group of smaller datasets. Now those  datasets are anonymized in parallel producing intermediate  results. In second phase, the obtained intermediate results  are integrated into one and further anonymized to achieve  consistent k-anonymous dataset. Mapreduce is a model for programming and Implementing  for processing and generating large data items. A map  function that processes a key-value pair,This generates a  set of intermediate key-value pair. A reduce function which  merges all intermediate data values associated with those  intermediate key. II. RELATED WORK Ke Wang, Philip S. Yu , Sourav Chakraborty adapts an  bottom-up generalization approach which works iteratively  to generalize the data. These generalized data is useful for  classification.But it is difficult to link to other sources. A  hierarchical structure of generalizations specifies the  generalization space.Identifying the best generalization is  the key to climb up the hierarchy at each iteration[2]. Benjamin c. M. Fung, ke wang discuss that privacy preserving  technology is used to solve some problems  only,But it is important to identify the nontechnical  difficulties and overcome faced by decision makers when  deploying a privacy-preserving technology. Their  concerns include the degradation of data quality, increased  costs , increased complexity and loss of valuable  information. They think that cross-disciplinary research is  the key to remove these problems and urge scientists in the  privacy protection field to conduct cross-disciplinary  research with social scientists in sociology, psychology,  and public policy studies[3]. Jiuyong Li,Jixue Liu , Muzammil Baig , Raymond Chi-Wing Wong proposed two classification-aware data  anonymization methods .It combines local value  suppression and global attribute generalization. The  attribute generalization is found by the data distribution,  instead of privacy requirement. Generalization levels are  optimized by normalizing mutual information for  preserving classification capability[17]. Xiaokui Xiao Yufei Tao present a technique,called  anatomy, for publishing sensitive datasets. Anatomy is the  process of releasing all the quasi-identifier and sensitive  data items directly in two separate tables. This approach  protect the privacy and capture large amount of correlation  in microdata by Combining with a grouping mechanism. A linear-time algorithm for computing anatomized tables  that obey the l-diversity privacy requirement is developed  which minimizes the error of reconstructing microdata  [13]. III. PROBLEM ANALYSIS The centralized Top Down Specialization (TDS)  approaches exploits the data structure to improve  scalability and efficiency by indexing anonymous data  records. But overheads may be incurred by maintaining  linkage structure and updating the statistic information  when date sets become large.So,centralized approaches  probably suffer from problem of low efficiency and  scalability while handling large-scale data sets. A  distributed TDS approach is proposed to address the  anonymization problem in distributed system.It  concentrates on privacy protection rather than scalability  issues.This approach employs information gain only, but  not its privacy loss. [1] Indexing data structures speeds up the process of  anonymization of data and generalizing it, because  indexing data structure avoids frequently scanning the  whole data[15]. These approaches fails to work in parallel  or distributed environments such as cloud systems since  the indexing structures are centralized. Centralized  approaches are difficult in handling large-scale data sets  well on cloud using just one single VM even if the VM has  the highest computation and storage capability. Fung et.al proposed TDS approach which produces an  anonymize data set with exploration problem on data. A  data structure taxonomy indexed partition [TIPS] is  exploited which improves efficiency of TDS, it fails to  handle large data set. But this approach is centralized  leasing to in adequacy of large data set. Raj H, Nathuji R, Singh A, England P proposes cache  hierarchy aware core assignment and page coloring based  cache partitioning to provide resource isolation and better  resource management by which it guarantees security of  data during processing.But Page coloring approach  enforces the performance degradation in case VM’s  working set doesn’t fit in cache partition[14]. Ke Wang , Philip S. Yu considers the following  problem. Data holder needs to release a version of data that  are used for building classification models. But the problem  is privacy protection and wants to protect against an  external source for sensitive information. So by adapting the iterative bottom-up generalization  approach to generalize the data from data mining. IV. METHODOLOGY Suppression: In this method, certain values of the  attributes are replaced by an asterisk *. All or some values  of a column may be replaced by * Generalization: In this method, individual values of  attributes are replaced by with a broader category. For  example, the value 19 of the attribute Age may be  replaced by ≠¤ 20, the value 23 by 20 A. Bottom-Up Generalization Bottom-Up Generalization is one of the efficient kanonymization  methods. K-Anonymity where the  attributes are suppressed or generalized until each row is  identical with at least k-1 other rows. Now database is said  to be k-anonymous. Bottom-Up Generalization (BUG)  approach of anonymization is the process of starting from  the lowest anonymization level which is iteratively  performed. We leverage privacy trade-off as the search  metric. Bottom-Up Generalization and MR Bottom up  Generalization (MRBUG) Driver are used. The following  steps of the Advanced BUG are ,they are data partition, run  MRBUG Driver on data set, combines all anonymization  levels of the partitioned data items and then apply  generalization to original data set without violating the kanonymity. Fig.1 System architecture of bottom up approach   Here a Advanced Bottom-Up Generalization approach  which improves the scalability and performance of BUG. Two levels of parallelization which is done by  mapreduce(MR) on cloud environment. Mapreduce on  cloud has two levels of parallelization.First is job level  parallelization which means multiple MR jobs can be  executed simultaneously that makes full use of cloud  infrastructure.Second one is task level parallelization  which means that multiple mapper or reducer tasks in a  MR job are executed simultaneously on data partitions. The  following steps are performed in our approach, First the  datasets are split up into smaller datasets by using several  job level mapreduce, and then the partitioned data sets are  anonymized Bottom up Generalization Driver. Then the  obtained intermediate anonymization levels are Integrated  into one. Ensure that all integrated intermediate level never  violates K-anonmity property. Obtaining then the merged  intermediate anonymized dataset Then the driver is  executed on original data set, and produce the resultant  an onymization level. The Algorithm for Advanced Bottom  Up Generalization[15] is given below, The above algorithm describes bottom-up generalization. In  ith iteration, generalize R by the best generalization Gbest . B. Mapreduce The Map framework which is classified into map and  reduce functions.Map is a function which parcels out task  to other different nodes in distributed cluster. Reduce is a  function that collates the task and resolves results into  single value. Fig.2 MapReduce Framework The MR framework is fault-tolerant since each node in  cluster had to report back with status updates and  completed work periodically.For example if a node  remains static for longer interval than the expected,then a  master node notes it and re-assigns that task to other  nodes.A single MR job is inadequate to accomplish task. So, a group of MR jobs are orchestrated in one MR driver  to achieve the task. MR framework consists of MR Driver  and two types of jobs.One is IGPL Initialization and other  is IGPL Update. The MR driver arranges the execution of  jobs. Hadoop which provides the mechanism to set global  variables for the Mappers and the Reducers. The best  Specialization which is passed into Map function of IGPL  Update job.In Bottom-Up Approach, the data is initialized  first to its current state.Then the generalizations process are  carried out k -anonymity is not violated. That is, we have to  climb the Taxonomy Tree of the attribute till required Anonymity is achieved. 1: while R that does not satisfy anonymity requirement do 2: for all generalizations G do 3: compute the IP(G); 4: end for; 5: find best generalization Gbest; 6: generalize R through Gbest; 7: end while; 8: output R; V. Experiment Evaluation To explore the data generalization from data mining in  order to hide the detailed information, rather to discover  the patterns and trends. Once the data has been masked, all  the standard data mining techniques can be applied without  modifying it. Here data mining technique not only discover  useful patterns, but also masks the private information   Fig.3 Change of execution time of TDS and BUG   Fig 3 shows the results of change in execution time of  TDS and BUG algorithm. We compared the execution time  of TDS and BUG for the size of EHR ranging from 50 to  500 MB, keeping p=1. Presenting the bottom-up  generalization for transforming the specific data to less  specific. Thus focusing on key issues to achieve quality  and scalability. The quality is addressed by trade-off  information and privacy and an bottom-up generalization  approach.The scalability is addressed by a novel data  structure to focus generalizations.To evaluate efficiency  and effectiveness of BUG approach, thus we compare  BUG with TDS.Experiments are performed in cloud  environment.These approaches are implemented in Java  language and standard Hadoop MapReduce API. VI. CONCLUSION Here we studied scalability problem for anonymizing the  data on cloud for big data applications by using Bottom Up  Generalization and proposes a scalable Bottom Up  Generalization. The BUG approach performed as  follows,first Data partitioning ,executing of driver that  produce a intermediate result. After that, these results are  merged into one and apply a generalization approach. This  produces the anonymized data. The data anonymization is  done using MR Framework on cloud.This shows that  scalability and efficiency are improved significantly over  existing approaches. REFERENCES [1] Xuyun Zhang, Laurence T. Yang, Chang Liu, and Jinjun Chen,â€Å"A  Scalable Two-Phase Top-Down Specialization Approach for Data  Anonymization Using MapReduce on Cloud†, vol. 25, no. 2,  february 2014. [2] Ke Wang, Yu, P.S,Chakraborty, S, â€Å" Bottom-up generalization: a  data mining solution to privacy protection† [3] B.C.M. Fung, K. Wang, R. Chen and P.S. Yu, â€Å"Privacy-Preserving  Data Publishing: A Survey of Recent Developments,† ACM  Comput. Surv., vol. 42, no. 4, pp.1-53, 2010. [4] K. LeFevre, D.J. DeWitt and R. Ramakrishnan, â€Å"Workload- Aware  Anonymization Techniques for Large-Scale Datasets,† ACM Trans.  Database Syst., vol. 33, no. 3, pp. 1-47, 2008. [5] B. Fung, K. Wang, L. Wang and P.C.K. Hung, â€Å"Privacy- Preserving  Data Publishing for Cluster Analysis,† Data Knowl.Eng., Vol.68,  no.6, pp. 552-575, 2009. [6] B.C.M. Fung, K. Wang, and P.S. Yu, â€Å"Anonymizing Classification  Data for Privacy Preservation,† IEEE Trans. Knowledge and Data  Eng., vol. 19, no. 5, pp. 711-725, May 2007. [7] Hassan Takabi, James B.D. Joshi and Gail-Joon Ahn, â€Å"Security and  Privacy Challenges in Cloud Computing Environments†. [8] K. LeFevre, D.J. DeWitt, and R. Ramakrishnan, â€Å"Incognito:  Efficient Full-Domain K-Anonymity,† Proc. ACM SIGMOD Int’l  Conf. Management of Data (SIGMOD ’05), pp. 49-60, 2005. [9] T. IwuchukwuandJ.F. Naughton, â€Å"K-Anonymization as Spatial  Indexing: Toward Scalable and Incremental Anonymization,† Proc.  33rdIntlConf. VeryLarge DataBases (VLDB07), pp.746-757, 2007 [10] J. Dean and S. Ghemawat, â€Å"Mapreduce: Simplified Data Processing  on Large Clusters,† Comm. ACM, vol. 51, no. 1, pp. 107-113,2008. [11] Dean J, Ghemawat S. â€Å"Mapreduce: a flexible data processing tool,†Ã‚  Communications of the ACM 2010;53(1):72–77. DOI:  10.1145/1629175.1629198. [12] Jiuyong Li, Jixue Liu , Muzammil Baig , Raymond Chi-Wing  Wong, â€Å"Information based data anonymization for classification  utility† [13]X. Xiao and Y. Tao, â€Å"Anatomy: Simple and Effective Privacy  Preservation,† Proc. 32nd Int’l Conf. Very Large Data Bases  (VLDB’06), pp. 139-150, 2006. [14] Raj H, Nathuji R, Singh A, England P. â€Å"Resource management for  isolation enhanced cloud services,† In: Proceedings of the  2009ACM workshop on cloud computing security, Chicago, Illinois,  USA, 2009, p.77–84. [15] K.R.Pandilakshmi, G.Rashitha Banu. â€Å"An Advanced Bottom up  Generalization Approach for Big Data on Cloud† , Volume: 03, June  2014, Pages: 1054-1059.. [16] Intel â€Å"Big Data in the Cloud: Converging Technologies†. [17] Jiuyong Li, Jixue Liu Muzammil Baig, Raymond Chi-Wing Wong,  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Information based data anonymization for classification utility†.

Greek Actors :: essays research papers

GREEK DRAMA: the actors The actors in ancient tragedies were hired and paid by the state and assigned to the tragic poets probably by lot. By the middle of the fifth century three actors were required for the performance of a tragedy. In descending order of importance of the roles they assumed they were called protagonist ‘first actor’ (a term also applied in modern literary criticism to the central character of a play), Dueteragonist ‘second actor’ and tritagonist “third actor’. The protagonist took the tile of the most important character in the play while the other two actors played the lesser roles. Since most plays have more than two or three characters (although never more than three speaking actors in the same seen), all three actors played multiple roles. In modern literary criticism, the term protagonist refers to the central character of the play, not the actor. Since women were not allowed to take part in dramatic productions, male actors has to play female roles. The playing of multiple roles, both male and female, was made possible by the use of masks, which prevented the audience from identifying the face of any actor with one specific character in the play and helped eliminate the physical incongruity of men impersonating women. The masks with subtle variations also helped the audience identify the sex age and social rank of the characters. The fact that the chorus remained in the orchestra throughout the play, and sang and danced choral songs between the episodes. Allowed the actors to exit after an episode in order to change mask and costume and assume a new role in the next episode without any illusion-destroying interruption in the play.